Carbon sequestration is not inhibited by livestock grazing in Danish salt marshes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elizabeth Løvgren Graversen ◽  
Gary T. Banta ◽  
Pere Masque ◽  
Dorte Krause‐Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Livestock Grazing

Livestock grazing disrupts plant-insect interactions on salt marshes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Rickert ◽  
Andreas Fichtner ◽  
Roel van Klink
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Insect Interactions

scholarly journals Does livestock grazing affect sediment deposition and accretion rates in salt marshes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Nolte ◽  
Frauke Müller ◽  
Mark Schuerch ◽  
Antonia Wanner ◽  
Peter Esselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Accretion Rates

scholarly journals Multi-year CO<sub>2</sub> budgets in South African semi-arid Karoo ecosystems under different grazing intensities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybchak ◽  
Justin du Toit ◽  
Jean-Pierre Delorme ◽  
Jens-Kristian Jüdt ◽  
Kanisios Mukwashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Climatic and land management factors, such as water availability and grazing intensity, play an important role in seasonal and annual variability of the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CO2 in semi-arid ecosystems. However, the semi-arid South African ecosystems have been poorly studied. Four years of measurements (November 2015–October 2019) were collected and analysed from two eddy covariance towers near Middelburg in the Karoo, Eastern Cape, South Africa. We studied the impact of grazing intensity on the CO2 exchange by comparing seasonal and interannual CO2 fluxes for two sites with almost identical climatic conditions but different intensity of current and historical livestock grazing. The first site represents lenient grazing (LG) and the vegetation comprises a diverse balance of dwarf shrubs and grasses, while the second site has been degraded through heavy grazing (HG) in the past but then rested for the past 10 years and mainly consists of unpalatable grasses and ephemeral species. Over the observation period, we found that the LG site was a considerable carbon source (82.11 g C m−2), while the HG site was a slight carbon sink (−36.43 g C m−2). The annual carbon budgets ranged from −90 ± 51 g C m−2 yr−1 to 84 ± 43 g C m−2 yr−1 for the LG site and from −92 ± 66 g C m−2 yr−1 to 59 ± 46 g C m−2 yr−1 for the heavily grazed site over the four years of eddy covariance measurements. The significant variation in carbon sequestration rates between the last two years of measurement was explained by water availability (25 % of the precipitation deficit in 2019 compared to the long-term mean precipitation). This indicates that studied ecosystems can quickly switch from a considerable carbon sink to a considerable carbon source ecosystem. Our study shows that the CO2 dynamics in the Karoo are largely driven by water availability and the current and historical effects of livestock grazing intensity on aboveground biomass (AGB). The higher carbon uptake at the HG site indicates that resting period after overgrazing, together with the transition to unpalatable drought-tolerant grass species, creates conditions that are favourable for carbon sequestration in the Karoo ecosystems, but unproductive as Dorper sheep pasture. Furthermore, we observed a slight decrease in carbon uptake peaks at the HG site in response to resuming continuous grazing (July 2017).

scholarly journals Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Davidson ◽  
Mike S. Fowler ◽  
Martin W. Skov ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr ◽  
Nicola Beaumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Ecosystem Properties

scholarly journals Utilisation of Wadden Sea salt marshes by geese in relation to livestock grazing

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Bos ◽  
Maarten J.J.E. Loonen ◽  
Martin Stock ◽  
Frank Hofeditz ◽  
Alexandra J. van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Livestock Grazing

scholarly journals Crab Bioturbation and Herbivory May Account for Variability in Carbon Sequestration and Stocks in South West Atlantic Salt Marshes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Martinetto ◽  
Diana I. Montemayor ◽  
Juan Alberti ◽  
César S. B. Costa ◽  
Oscar Iribarne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
South West

scholarly journals The blue carbon wealth of nations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bertram ◽  
Martin Quaas ◽  
Thorsten B. H. Reusch ◽  
Athanasios T. Vafeidis ◽  
Claudia Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Coastal Ecosystem ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
And Storage

AbstractCarbon sequestration and storage in mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass meadows is an essential coastal ‘blue carbon’ ecosystem service for climate change mitigation. Here we offer a comprehensive, global and spatially explicit economic assessment of carbon sequestration and storage in three coastal ecosystem types at the global and national levels. We propose a new approach based on the country-specific social cost of carbon that allows us to calculate each country’s contribution to, and redistribution of, global blue carbon wealth. Globally, coastal ecosystems contribute a mean ± s.e.m. of US$190.67 ± 30 bn yr−1 to blue carbon wealth. The three countries generating the largest positive net blue wealth contribution for other countries are Australia, Indonesia and Cuba, with Australia alone generating a positive net benefit of US$22.8 ± 3.8 bn yr−1 for the rest of the world through coastal ecosystem carbon sequestration and storage in its territory.

scholarly journals Assessing the long‐term carbon‐sequestration potential of the semi‐natural salt marshes in the European Wadden Sea

Ecosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mueller ◽  
Nils Ladiges ◽  
Alexander Jack ◽  
Gerhard Schmiedl ◽  
Lars Kutzbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential

scholarly journals Trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services in UK and US salt marshes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kate Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Effect

Salt marshes supply vital ecosystem services (ES), providing material goods and recreation space, regulating natural hazards, and supporting diverse wildlife. However, increases in the utilisation of one ES can lead to reductions or ‘trade-offs’ in others. Because salt marshes are commonly used for grazing livestock, it is important to understand how this grazing impacts the saltmarsh ecosystem, and the consequences for ES supply. This thesis (i) uses a global meta-analysis to investigate the effects of livestock grazing on saltmarsh properties, and finds multiple significant changes to soil, vegetation and fauna properties. The meta-analysis reveals that the response of soil carbon is context dependent – there is no effect in Europe but a reduction in the Americas. (ii) Extensive surveys of soil carbon in grazed and ungrazed US marshes, controlling for key covariates, confirm that grazing trades-off against carbon storage in US marshes. These observational surveys, together with 18-month experimental exclusion of horses from a salt marsh in Georgia, show that grazing also disrupts the plant community in US marshes, but has little effect on resident invertebrates. (iii) Focussing on bees in salt marshes, a three-year study in south Wales, UK shows that grazing trades-off against bee habitat by reducing the flower cover of two key food plants, and that increases in plant diversity with grazing do not compensate for this negative effect. (iv) Spatial analyses of seven saltmarsh ES supplied by an estuary complex in south Wales show that marshes are not achieving their potential as a bee habitat here, due to the predominance of grazing. These analyses also show that the provision of ES by salt marshes is spatially heterogeneous, dependent on management, size and location. As a whole, this thesis adds to the understanding of grazer impacts and ES trade-offs, and supplies crucial data to support evidence-based management of salt marshes.

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