scholarly journals Ecophysiology of mesophotic reef‐building corals in Hawai‘i is influenced by symbiont–host associations, photoacclimatization, trophic plasticity, and adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1980-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Padilla‐Gamiño ◽  
Melissa S. Roth ◽  
Lisa J. Rodrigues ◽  
Christina J. Bradley ◽  
Robert R. Bidigare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Plasticity ◽  
Mesophotic Reef ◽  
Host Associations

scholarly journals Tracing the Trophic Plasticity of the Coral–Dinoflagellate Symbiosis Using Amino Acid Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Christine Ferrier-Pagès ◽  
Stephane Martinez ◽  
Renaud Grover ◽  
Jonathan Cybulski ◽  
Eli Shemesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Trophic Plasticity ◽  
Trophic Index ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c ◽  
Acid Compound

The association between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates is one of the most well-known nutritional symbioses, but nowadays it is threatened by global changes. Nutritional exchanges are critical to understanding the performance of this symbiosis under stress conditions. Here, compound-specific δ15N and δ13C values of amino acids (δ15NAA and δ13CAA) were assessed in autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic holobionts as diagnostic tools to follow nutritional interactions between the partners. Contrary to what was expected, heterotrophy was mainly traced through the δ15N of the symbiont’s amino acids (AAs), suggesting that symbionts directly profit from host heterotrophy. The trophic index (TP) ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 from autotrophic to heterotrophic symbionts. In addition, changes in TP across conditions were more significant in the symbionts than in the host. The similar δ13C-AAs signatures of host and symbionts further suggests that symbiont-derived photosynthates are the main source of carbon for AAs synthesis. Symbionts, therefore, appear to be a key component in the AAs biosynthetic pathways, and might, via this obligatory function, play an essential role in the capacity of corals to withstand environmental stress. These novel findings highlight important aspects of the nutritional exchanges in the coral–dinoflagellates symbiosis. In addition, they feature δ15NAA as a useful tool for studies regarding the nutritional exchanges within the coral–symbiodiniaceae symbiosis.

scholarly journals Molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Nadler ◽  
Eugene T. Lyons ◽  
Christopher Pagan ◽  
Derek Hyman ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Host Associations

Endophyte-Host Associations in Grasses. XXIII. A Study of Two Species of Balansia That Form Stromata on Nodes of Grasses

Mycologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. White Jr. ◽  
Tammy E. Drake ◽  
Tyler I. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Host Associations

scholarly journals Geographical distributions and host associations of larval parasitoids of frugivorous Drosophilidae in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (25-28) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Mitsui ◽  
Kees Van Achterberg ◽  
Göran Nordlander ◽  
Masahito T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Host Associations

Distribution and host associations of ixodid ticks collected from wildlife in Florida, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Hertz ◽  
Bambi C. Ferree Clemons ◽  
Cynthia C. Lord ◽  
Sandra A. Allan ◽  
Phillip E. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Host Associations

An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJID FALLAHZADEH ◽  
GEORGE JAPOSHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Ooencyrtus Kuvanae ◽  
Current List ◽  
Host Associations

An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is presented based on literature records from 1947–2016. The current list includes 159 species representing 48 genera. Parasitoid-host associations in Iran and distributional data are also provided. Twelve encyrtid species (7.55%) are known only from Iran but a high number of species (68 species, 42.77%) are widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. Four species previously listed from Iran, Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957, Homalotylus ephippium (Ruschka, 1923), H. sinensis Xu & He, 1997, and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard, 1910) are no longer considered present. Hosts of Iranian encyrtid species are tabulated by order and family, with the majority being Hemiptera (66.98%), followed by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (each 9.44%), Diptera (6.60%), Hymenoptera (4.71%) and Neuroptera (2.83%). The majority of Encyrtidae known in Iran are parasitoids of the superfamily Coccoidea (46.22%). Host-plant associations of Iranian Encyrtidae are also tabulated, by plant family. 

Foliar habit in mistletoe–host associations

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Glatzel ◽  
Hanno Richter ◽  
Mohan Prasad Devkota ◽  
Guillermo Amico ◽  
Sugwang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Nutrient Conservation ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Host Associations

Foliar habit in parasite–host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite–host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host–haustorium–mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South America we could not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.

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