scholarly journals Early adopters of ORCID functionality enabling recognition of peer review: Two brief case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooks Hanson ◽  
Rebecca Lawrence ◽  
Alice Meadows ◽  
Laura Paglione
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Early Adopters

scholarly journals Open peer review: promoting transparency in open science

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 1033-1051
Author(s):  
Dietmar Wolfram ◽  
Peiling Wang ◽  
Adam Hembree ◽  
Hyoungjoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Science Movement ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractOpen peer review (OPR), where review reports and reviewers’ identities are published alongside the articles, represents one of the last aspects of the open science movement to be widely embraced, although its adoption has been growing since the turn of the century. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of OPR adoption, its early adopters and the implementation approaches used. Current bibliographic databases do not systematically index OPR journals, nor do the OPR journals clearly state their policies on open identities and open reports. Using various methods, we identified 617 OPR journals that published at least one article with open identities or open reports as of 2019 and analyzed their wide-ranging implementations to derive emerging OPR practices. The findings suggest that: (1) there has been a steady growth in OPR adoption since 2001, when 38 journals initially adopted OPR, with more rapid growth since 2017; (2) OPR adoption is most prevalent in medical and scientific disciplines (79.9%); (3) five publishers are responsible for 81% of the identified OPR journals; (4) early adopter publishers have implemented OPR in different ways, resulting in different levels of transparency. Across the variations in OPR implementations, two important factors define the degree of transparency: open identities and open reports. Open identities may include reviewer names and affiliation as well as credentials; open reports may include timestamped review histories consisting of referee reports and author rebuttals or a letter from the editor integrating reviewers’ comments. When and where open reports can be accessed are also important factors indicating the OPR transparency level. Publishers of optional OPR journals should add metric data in their annual status reports.

Contested stock assessment: two case studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Starr ◽  
John H Annala ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The Pacific

We describe two case studies where scientists representing alternative interest groups worked together to attempt to resolve scientific issues of fisheries assessments. In several fisheries in New Zealand, commercial fishing interests hired consultants to review governmental assessments. In some of these fisheries, the two sides provided alternative competing assessments; in other fisheries, there was a cooperative agreed-upon assessment. In the analysis of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the Pacific Salmon Treaty, scientists representing all parties agreed upon an assessment procedure and developed it over a number of years. Such contested assessments provide a number of benefits including (i) intense peer review, (ii) the ability to bring data from all parties into the assessment process, and (iii) better understanding and trust of the assessments by the different interest groups. Effective peer review requires repeating the calculations associated with data sources and assessment models. We suggest that contested assessments, despite the extra cost, are highly valuable, as they provide a substantially improved standard of assessment. Contested assessments will evolve towards cooperative analysis unless participating parties feel that the cooperative assessment is counter to their perceived interests.

Developing a framework for considering blockchain pilots in the supply chain – lessons from early industry adopters

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remko van Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Purpose There is a lot of interest in blockchain technology in the supply chain, but to date, there is little empirical research to support managerial decision-making. Verhoeven et al. (2018) suggested five screens for ensuring mindful development of use cases for blockchain in the supply chain. This paper aims to extend the Verhoeven et al.’s (2018) framework and empirical research beyond the use case stage into the pilot stage. Design/methodology/approach Three case studies in different industries (logistics services, consumer products and retail), supply chain positions (manufacturer, carrier, and retailer) and geographies (Europe and USA) are conducted to explore lessons learned by early adopters of blockchain technology in the supply chain. Findings The case studies indicate that the Verhoeven et al.’s (2018) screens, with one added screen, are helpful in considering “what to adopt.” Based on the insights from the case studies, it is also possible to develop pilot design considerations that can inform “where to start.” Lessons learned include that there is value in scoping pilots in a targeted manner, including the use of existing technology in the pilot (as opposed to replacing existing technology) and that there is the ability to start a pilot fast, provided the existence of executive and stakeholder engagement. Practical implications In addition to the need to be being mindful in considering what use case for blockchain in the supply chain to potentially adopt, mindful consideration of blockchain technology in the supply chain extends into the design of pilots. Six specific design considerations are offered. Originality/value Based on the insights from early adopters in industry, the author extends guidance for the mindful adoption of blockchain in the supply chain beyond the development of use cases, into the design of actual pilots. These insights directly address calls for research from literature (including from Dobrovnik et al., 2018 and Ferdows, 2018).

Why Trust Academia? A Reflection on the Credibility of Specialists

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Justyna Jajszczok
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
Ethics Of Research

Using examples from popular culture and history, the author speculates on the reasons and possible solutions to the crisis of trust in academia, especially along the line dividing specialists from non-specialists. The article begins with two case studies (of Yuval Noah Harari and Gustave Le Bon) that highlight the problem of conscious or otherwise data manipulation and the intention behind it. In the second part of the article, a broader approach is adopted to the matters of ethics of research and especially the crucial issue of the awareness (or lack thereof) of self-limitations and biases of which perhaps no academic is free. The article ends with the assertion that rather than individual researchers, we should trust in the academic process of the never-ending peer review.

Adopting an e‐learning strategy

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe paper aims to assess the practical considerations and implications in adopting an e‐learning strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses three case studies to present experiences and lessons learned.FindingsThe paper finds that if cultural and technological foundations are not in place, the e‐learning strategy will not succeed.Practical implicationsThe paper offers organizations wanting to adopt an e‐learning strategy first‐hand advice and guidance by demonstrating the lessons learned by early adopters.Original/valueThe paper provides evidence of the potential of e‐learning as a key educational tool.

scholarly journals Discourse or gimmick? Digital marginalia in online scholarship

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 942-955
Author(s):  
R Lyle Skains
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Online Texts ◽  
The Web

Marginalia has been studied as discourse, as historical documentation and as evidence of reader response. As many academic texts are now available electronically, it seems a natural step to incorporate the interactive, social functions of the Web 2.0. Digital marginalia in an academic publishing context has been a largely unsuccessful venture to this date, yet there are several promising developments. Tools have emerged that enable readers annotate online texts in an approximation of paper-based marginalia, with the additional affordances of two- (or many-) way discourse, digital archiving, and the ability to hide the annotations. This article reviews the contemporary practices of digital marginalia, narrowing in to focus on digital marginalia as a form of academic discourse and peer review. I analyse several case studies of digital marginalia and discourse within this context, including Nature’s trial of open peer review, Wellcome Open Research, PLOS ONE and PubPeer’s systems, as well as my own experience using open peer review with Hypothes.is in a special ‘disrupted’ issue of the Journal of Media Practice. The article examines the relative success of these initiatives, attitudes toward open peer review and concludes with some promising developments for the future of digital marginalia and discourse in academic publishing.

scholarly journals PAR7 DIFFUSION OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES IN DENMARK- LAGGARDS OR EARLY ADOPTERS?-FOUR CASE-STUDIES REGARDING DRIVERS AND BARRIERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. A222
Author(s):  
PB Poulsen ◽  
H Vestergaard ◽  
M Aagren ◽  
J Wickstrøm ◽  
J Clausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Health Technologies
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