Threshold wind velocity as an index of soil susceptibility to wind erosion under variable climatic conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. de Oro ◽  
Daniel E. Buschiazzo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions

scholarly journals Poplar efficiency in shelterbelts at some localities in Vojvodina

2006 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Sara Lukic ◽  
Stevan Dozic
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Wind Erosion

The effect of poplar shelterbelts on the change of wind velocity has been studied. The measurements were performed by standard method at several points in front of the belt, behind and within the belt. Based on the study values, it can be concluded that poplar is efficient in reducing wind velocity, as the species for shelterbelts which are established for wind breaking. Their effect is significant at the distances up to 100 m behind the belt, which is significant when networks of shelterbelts are established to control wind erosion in the large deforested lowland areas which are mainly used for agricultural production. .

scholarly journals Potential threat of southern Moravia soils by wind erosion

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dufková
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Average Wind Velocity

Wind erosion is caused by meteorological factors such as wind, precipitation and evaporation that influence the soil humidity. Erosive-climatological factor expresses wind and humidity conditions of particular landscape. This is an index of the influence of average soil surface humidity and average wind velocity on average soil erodibility by wind. On the basis of average wind velocity and Konček’s humidity index, the values of the erosive-climatological factor for three chosen areas of Czech republic (Telč-Kostelní Myslová, Znojmo-Kuchařovice and Brno-Tuřany), where the pro-cesses of wind erosion could exist, were evaluated. Thus, the change of the factor’s value during the period of 1961 – 2000 was studied. The linear trend for the region of Brno and Znojmo (dry areas) shows increasing threat of soils by wind erosion, the contrary situation is at the humid area (Telč). The results prove the influence of soil humidity on the erosive-climatological factor and hereby the influence on wind erosion spreadout.

Experimental Studies on Wind Erosion Mechanism of Aeolian Soils Subgrade Slope for Desert Highway

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2401-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Li ◽  
Yu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Erosion Depth ◽  
Erosion Mechanism ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Soil Microstructure ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
Windward Slope ◽  
Desert Highway

Wind erosion mechanism is studied through interior wind erosion wind tunnel experiment for desert highway. The anti-wind erosion ability of Aeolian soil subgrade slope is equivalent to the variation of microstructure characteristics and shearing strength of Aeolian soil. Microstructure characteristics will be quantified analysis through scanning electron microscope and image analysis software for subgrade slope, and microstructure parameters are picked-up for wind erosion fore-and-aft. Aeolian soil’s Shearing strength and wind erosion depth are investigated at different position of windward slope during a long-time wind-blown. Then, wind erosion mechanism of Aeolian soils subgrade slope is clarified from two aspects of micro and macro, wind erosion influence depth is determined for certain environmental condition. Taking desert highway subgrade as an example, the results indicate that: the disturbance to the flow field enhances with the increase of slope ratio and subgrade height, wind erosion of the windward slope is severe. The anti-wind erosion ability on windward slope is weak obvious with the decreasing of soil’s water containing, the increasing of wind velocity and the blow time prolong. Shearing strength of Aeorian soil is gradually decreased from slope surface to its interior, from bottom to top of windward slope. According to environmental condition local, when average wind velocity is 11m/s and natural water containing is 2%, wind erosion depth is about 15mm on the top of slope which is 1/11 of subgrade height, relative to 10mm on the mid of slope. The conclusions drawn from micro and macro are proved the wind erosion mechanism of Aeolian soils subgrade slope perfectly.

Simulating Efficiency of Resistance to Wind Erosion in Area of Complex Erosion by Wind and Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1807-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Long Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xu Sun ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Yong Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Artemisia Ordosica ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Better Than

Used the method of transplanting in studying area, simulated different arrangement of plant spacing and observed the wind speed by using HTSW-18 multiple-sensor automatic anemoscope. The results showed that two kinds of plants of different plant spacing can effectively reduce wind speed, the ration of reducing wind velocity of shelterbelts were biggest at the observation point of 1H behind the shelterbelt. The ration of reducing wind velocity and roughness of shelterbelt of Salix psammophila was better than that of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. under the same plant spacing. The increasing of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. was seventeen times higher than that of control at the observation point of 1H. The roughness of Salix psammophila at the observation point of 1H was twenty-five times higher than control, and that of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. was seventeen times higher than control.

scholarly journals The Methods of Locating Areas Exposed to Wind Erosion in the South Moravia Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Podhrázská ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Hana Středová
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Spatial Function ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
The Impact

The conditions for the development of wind erosion are determined by the soil and climatic conditions as well as by the presence or absence of wind barriers. It is because of its climatic and soil conditions that the territory of the South Moravia Region has been affected by erosion for centuries. Combined with the atmospheric conditions, the dry and warm climate enables the development of aeolian processes both in light, drying soils and – under certain climatic conditions – in heavy, clay-loam soils. Soil erosion exposure maps have been prepared in order to identify the territories which are potentially exposed to wind erosion in terms of the soil and climatic conditions. Six exposure categories have been applied to the soils. However, the impact of permanent vegetation barriers – line elements – must be considered in order to identify the most exposed areas. Protective forest belts were planted in the 1950s to counter the effects of wind erosion and they are included in the database of the Institute for Economic Forest Management. The network of these wind barriers and the heath condition of the individual elements are often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the spatial function of the network of protective forest belts using the map of the potential exposure of soil in the Region of South Moravia. The method used to evaluate the spatial function of the windbreaks presented in the study using GIS instruments.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological factors on and their harmfulness to poppy stands in the Czech Republic in 1961-2000 year

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
František Muška
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group 2

Poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the traditional crop in the Czech Republic. The surveys of the appearance of some agents harmful to plants within the territory of the Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) in 1961 – 2000 were used for elaboration of the set as given above. The particular agents are divided into four groups 1. The influence of drought (precipitation insufficiency, drought and influence of high temperature are involved in this group). 2. The influence of extraordinary heavy precipitation (there is hailstrom and other damage). 3. Damage caused by low temperature and frost 4.The influence of the harmful impact of wind weather (there are wind, erosion caused by wind and wind storm). The data, as above, testify the high sensitivity of the poppy to the course of climatic conditions. It has been confirmed that poppy is problematic crop.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sprinkler Irrigation Evaporation Losses in Ilaro, Ogun State, South Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Samuel Dare OLUWAGBAYIDE ◽  
Olugbenga FASANU ◽  
Ajayi Johnson OLORUNTADE
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation

Under the prevailing climate change the world is currently facing, efficient irrigation water management is essential to ensure food security, especially in countries with similar climate to Nigeria. Hence, this study was undertaken at the Research Farm of Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation between March and July 2019. Experiments were performed using 360 rotating sprinkler and single nozzle of diameter 3 mm, while due cognizance was taken of the prevailing climatic conditions. Three operating pressures, namely, 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, representing low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure, respectively, were used. The results showed that operating pressures influence droplet sizes, droplet heights and flow rate during the experiment. In addition, it was observed that at operating pressures of 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, mean percentage of evaporation losses were 8.88%, 13.21% and 16.46%, respectively, indicating that evaporation losses increased with increasing operating pressure. Further analysis showed that percentage evaporation losses increased at higher relative humidity, thereby emphasizing the predominance of air temperature and wind velocity as climatic variable influencing sprinkler evaporation losses. The relationship between wind velocity (Vw ) and air temperature (Ta) and to predict evaporation losses (E ) was a function of E = 7.968Vw + 0.393Ta – 19.977. Therefore, it was concluded that, both climatic factors and operating pressures influence the rate of evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation, adequate attention should be paid to variation of climatic variables since sprinklers are sold with their specified operating pressures.

scholarly journals The Effects of Spatial Configurations of Simulated Shrubs on Wind-proof Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Pan ◽  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Zhengcai Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Surface Barriers ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Airflow Field

Maximizing the benefits of windbreaks requires a thorough understanding of the physical interaction between the wind and the barrier. In this experiment, a profiling set of Pitot tubes was used to measure the airflow field and wind velocity of simulated shrubs in a wind tunnel. The effects of form configurations and row spaces of simulated shrubs on wind-proof effectiveness were in-depth studied. We come to the following results: the weakening intensity of hemisphere-shaped and broom-shaped shrubs on wind velocity was mainly reflected below 2 cm in the root and 6-14 cm in the middle-upper, respectively, while the wind-proof effect of the spindle-shaped shrubs at the canopy (0.2-14 cm height) was the best. Besides, the simulated shrubs under 26.25 cm had the best protection effect on the wind velocity. Moreover, the designed windbreaks with Nitraria tangutorum, more effectively reduced the wind velocity among the windbreak compared to behind the windbreak. In the wind control system, the hemisphere-shaped windbreaks should be applied as near-surface barriers, and the windbreaks of broom-shaped and spindle-shaped can be used as a sheltered forest. The results could offer theoretical guidelines on how to arrange the windbreaks for preventing wind erosion in the most convenient and efficient ways.

scholarly journals Atmospheric factors and the incidence of novel coronavirus pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Ma ◽  
Xiangwei Meng ◽  
Xiyuan Li ◽  
Cai Chen ◽  
LeiLei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Atmospheric Factors

Abstract The novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP) was first recognized in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and then spread successively around the world. The epidemic has spread rapidly and aroused widespread concern and panic in China with more than 80 thousand recorded infections and over 3 thousand deaths by March 2020. We have examined the effects of atmospheric conditions on the incidence of NCIP in Wuhan, Hubei province. Our results indicate a significant correlation between the new confirmed NCIP case and maximum wind velocity (r2=0.713). Both mean temperature (r2=-0.691) and air pressure (r2=-0.503) have negative associations with daily new cases. The regression equation y = 4590.899 − 1.239𝑥𝑡 − 0.442𝑥𝑝 + 0.579𝑥𝑤 was derived to define the optimal climatic conditions for the NCIP epidemic. To verify these results, further investigations in other regions are necessary.

Simulation of odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks using the computational fluid dynamics standard k-ε modelA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Jun Lin ◽  
Suzelle Barrington ◽  
Guangcai Gong ◽  
Denis Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Mixing Layer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pressure Jump ◽  
Air Turbulence ◽  
Odour Plume ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Odour Dispersion

If natural windbreaks create air turbulence and can help disperse odours from livestock operations, their dispersion effect has not been extensively researched. This paper introduces a model simulating odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks. The standard k-ε model of the FLUENT software was used to incorporate the effect of climatic conditions and windbreak structure. The model was calibrated for wind velocity recovery, odour concentration (OC) from field observations and inertial resistance. Once calibrated, the model accurately reproduced the odour plume developing downwind from the windbreak. The correlation between OC for 11 field trials and that simulated were statistically significant (P < 0.01), indicating that the model was accurate. The model demonstrated that a windbreak did alter the magnitude and direction of the wind velocity, thus creating a pressure jump across its width. This pressure jump produces a strong downwind turbulence forming a mixing layer capable of enhancing odour dispersion.

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