A pilot study of balloon dilation in an animal model resulting in cricoid cartilage fracture: Implications for the stenotic pediatric airway

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette H. Ang ◽  
Vikash K. Modi ◽  
Roheen Raithatha ◽  
Max M. April ◽  
Robert F. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Pediatric Airway

Experimental Animal Model of Subglottic Stenosis

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Borowiecki ◽  
Charles B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Subglottic Stenosis ◽  
Experimental Animal Model ◽  
Show Evidence

An animal model of subglottic stenosis has been developed. The results of this pilot study show evidence to suggest that injury to the cricoid cartilage leading to perichondritis is the important factor in the development of subglottic stenosis.

Gross and Histologic Changes in the Developing Rabbit Subglottis in Response to a Controlled Depth of Injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila A. Mankarious ◽  
Shilpa R. Cherukupally ◽  
Allison B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Morphologic Change ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prolonged Intubation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Histologic Changes

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the effects of both perichondrial and intracartilaginous injury in the developing rabbit subglottis versus normal development. DESIGN: We conducted a descriptive, pilot study of changes in the shape and histology of the subglottis after a controlled depth of injury in 27 New Zealand White rabbits, ages 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 1 1/2 years. INTERVENTION: Within each age group, 3 animals underwent no surgery, 3 underwent perichondrial injury, and 3 underwent intracartilaginous injury. RESULTS: Perichondrially injured animals in the 4-week age group developed a marked abnormality in the shape of the cricoid cartilage in the injured region. Cartilage of the perichondriallly injured animals in the 8-week and 1 1/2-year groups became histologically consistent with fibrous tissue. The cartilage of all animals that underwent intracartilaginous injury was replaced with fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: In this observational study, we identified 3 relevant findings. First, the responses of the cartilage to a perichondrial injury suggest that the luminal soft tissues may exert some morphologic control in developmentally young animals. Second, only the 4-week-old group's cartilage was tolerant of a perichondrial injury with continued growth of the ring. Third, no animal's cartilage could withstand an intracartilaginous injury regardless of age. Acquired or congenital cricoid cartilage abnormalities are a frequent source of airway distress in both pediatric and adult populations. Narrowing of the cricoid cartilage, as seen in subglottic stenosis (SGS), creates a significant increase in morbidity and mortality rates 1 with an array of surgical interventions described extensively in the otolaryngology literature. The acquired form of SGS usually is iatrogenic, resulting from prolonged intubation or surgical intervention. Few published reports exist describing the histologic changes associated with SGS. Of the published studies, the source of SGS appears to be both cartilage ring abnormalities and concomitant mucosal fibrosis. 2–5 Histologic examination of injured cricoid samples suggests that the abnormal cricoid growth and development may be due to a combination of (1) inflammation within the cartilage leading to loss of chondrocytes, (2) replacement of the cartilage with fibrosis leading to decreased cartilage extracellular matrix and loss of structural support, and/or (3) alterations in the shape of the ring. It is generally accepted that intubation is better tolerated in younger patients than in older patients. Premature infants can be intubated for up to 4 to 5 months, but adults can be intubated for a maximum of 2 to 3 weeks before an alternate airway is sought. However, no exact guidelines exist for the duration of intubation as a function of age. Even physicians who care for intubated patients disagree about when to consider tracheotomy. We began our series of experiments attempting to understand the biochemical changes that would explain the difference in tolerance to intubation and the mechanisms behind loss of the structural support of the cricoid ring. In preparing the experimental substrate for these studies, we identified an interesting age-dependent and depth of injury-dependent morphologic change in the rabbit subglottis that was not expected. Biochemical changes in the rabbit subglottis will follow in future reports; however, herein we report on the observed morphologic changes. Due to the limited number of animals in this study, the data presented represent a pilot study.

Office-Based Cricopharyngeus Balloon Dilation for Post Chemoirradiation Dysphagia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Pilot Study

Dysphagia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Fong ◽  
Nikie Sun ◽  
Yiu-Wing Ng ◽  
Anna F. Rumbach ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Balloon Dilation

scholarly journals Utility of Spirometry Values for Evaluating Tracheal Stenosis Patients Before and After Balloon Dilation

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132093696
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alrabiah ◽  
Shahad Almohanna ◽  
Abdullah Aljasser ◽  
Abdulmajeed Zakzouk ◽  
Syed Shahid Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Stenosis Severity ◽  
Operative Findings

Objectives: Tracheal stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the airway distal to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage. It is initially diagnosed based on clinical presentation and then confirmed using direct laryngobronchoscopy. Other adjunctive diagnostic methods, including spirometry, have been proposed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tracheal stenosis severity and pre- and post-balloon dilatation spirometry parameters in order to assess for significant changes in spirometry values and to evaluate for the effects of stenosis-associated factors on post-dilation spirometry values, including vertical length and grade of the stenosis, as well as the role of wound-modifying agents. Methods: This retrospective study included adults (>18 years of age) with isolated tracheal stenosis who underwent endoscopic balloon dilations at King Saud University Medical City from June 2015 to May 2019, with detailed documentation of operative findings and valid spirometry measurements pre- and post-balloon dilation. Basic demographic data and operative note details, including information about the percentage of tracheal stenosis, distance of tracheal stenosis from vocal cords, vertical length of stenotic segment, and use of wound-modifying agents (topical mitomycin C or triamcinolone injections), were extracted. Results: Fourteen patients with spirometry measurements obtained on 50 occasions (25 pre-balloon dilation and 25 post-balloon dilation) were included. Each 1-unit increase in the vertical length of the stenosis showed a statistically significant negative relationship (−1.47 L/s) with pre-balloon dilation peak expiratory flow (PEF; P = .034). Post-balloon dilation spirometric values showed statistically significant improvements for most variables. Conclusions: The vertical length of an isolated tracheal stenosis can be predicted before surgical interventions using PEF values and may be a significant indicator of anticipated post-balloon dilation surgical success. Our study suggested that spirometry is a very useful technique for evaluating patients with tracheal stenosis due to its noninvasiveness, cost-effectiveness, with a good clinical value.

An animal model for the study of Chamomilla in stress and depression: pilot study

Homeopathy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Augusta Gordinho Pinto ◽  
Elisabeth Bohland ◽  
Cideli de Paula Coelho ◽  
Maria Sílvia Furquim de Azevedo Morgulis ◽  
Leoni Villano Bonamin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pilot Study

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Aggravates Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through m6A Modification of MAT2A Pre-mRNA by METTL16

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peng-Bo Chen ◽  
Gui-Xun Shi ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Sheng-Dan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cell ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells ◽  
Human Npcs

The process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is complex, and its mechanism is considered multifactorial. Apoptosis of oxidative stressed nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) should be a fundamental element in the pathogenesis of IVDD. In our pilot study, we found that the expression of MAT2A decreased, and METTL16 increased in the degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues. Previous studies have shown that the balance of splicing, maturation, and degradation of MAT2A pre-mRNA is regulated by METTL16 m6A modification. In the current study, we aimed to figure out whether this mechanism was involved in the aberrant apoptosis of NPCs and IVDD. Human NPCs were isolated and cultured under oxidative stress. An IVDD animal model was established. It showed that significantly higher METTL16 expression and lower MAT2A expression were seen in either the NPCs under oxidative stress or the degenerative discs of the animal model. MAT2A was inhibited with siRNA in vitro or cycloleucine in vivo. METTL16 was overexpressed with lentivirus in vitro or in vivo. Downregulation of MAT2A or upregulation of METTL16 aggravated nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and disc disorganization. The balance of splicing, maturation, and degradation of MAT2A pre-mRNA was significantly inclined to degradation in the NPCs with the overexpression of METTL16. Increased apoptosis of NPCs under oxidative stress could be rescued by reducing the expression of METTL16 using siRNA with more maturation of MAT2A pre-mRNA. Collectively, oxidative stress aggravates apoptosis of NPCs through disrupting the balance of splicing, maturation, and degradation of MAT2A pre-mRNA, which is m6A modified by METTL16.

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