scholarly journals Animal virus genetics

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (S4) ◽  
pp. 219-295
Keyword(s):  
Animal Virus

scholarly journals Fabrication of Photofunctional Nanoporous Membrane and Its Photoinactivation Effect of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Kyun Wang ◽  
Bong-Jin Kim ◽  
Si-Hwan Ko ◽  
Dong Hoon Choi ◽  
Yong-Rok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Nanoporous Alumina ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Fabrication and photophysical study of photofunctional nanoporous alumina membrane (PNAM) were performed, and its application of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) was investigated. Nanoporous alumina membrane (NAM) was fabricated by two-step aluminium anodic oxidation process. Surface of the fabricated NAM was modified with organo-silane agent to induce covalent bonding between NAM and a photosensitizer (PtCP: [5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-porphyrin] platinum). PtCP was covalently bonded to the surface of the modified NAM by nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction process. The morphology and the photophysical properties of the fabricated PNAM were confirmed with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), steady-state spectroscopies, and nanosecond laser-induced time-resolved spectroscopy. For the efficacy study of PNAM in PACT, an enveloped animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was utilized as a target organism. Antiviral effect of the PNAM-PACT was measured by the extent of suppression of plaque-forming units (PFU) after the light irradiation. In the cultures inoculated with PACT-treated VSV, the suppression of PFU was prominent, which demonstrates that PNAM is a potential bio clean-up tool.

scholarly journals Structure of a Membrane-binding Domain from a Non-enveloped Animal Virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (39) ◽  
pp. 29278-29286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenize F. Maia ◽  
Márcia R. Soares ◽  
Ana P. Valente ◽  
Fabio C. L. Almeida ◽  
Andréa C. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Animal Virus

scholarly journals Mitigating Future Respiratory Virus Pandemics: New Threats and Approaches to Consider

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Gray ◽  
Emily R. Robie ◽  
Caleb J. Studstill ◽  
Charles L. Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Cost Efficient

Despite many recent efforts to predict and control emerging infectious disease threats to humans, we failed to anticipate the zoonotic viruses which led to pandemics in 2009 and 2020. The morbidity, mortality, and economic costs of these pandemics have been staggering. We desperately need a more targeted, cost-efficient, and sustainable strategy to detect and mitigate future zoonotic respiratory virus threats. Evidence suggests that the transition from an animal virus to a human pathogen is incremental and requires a considerable number of spillover events and considerable time before a pandemic variant emerges. This evolutionary view argues for the refocusing of public health resources on novel respiratory virus surveillance at human–animal interfaces in geographical hotspots for emerging infectious diseases. Where human–animal interface surveillance is not possible, a secondary high-yield, cost-efficient strategy is to conduct novel respiratory virus surveillance among pneumonia patients in these same hotspots. When novel pathogens are discovered, they must be quickly assessed for their human risk and, if indicated, mitigation strategies initiated. In this review, we discuss the most common respiratory virus threats, current efforts at early emerging pathogen detection, and propose and defend new molecular pathogen discovery strategies with the goal of preempting future pandemics.

Expression of an Animal Virus Antigenic Site on the Surface of a Plant Virus Particle

Virology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Usha ◽  
Jonathan B. Rohll ◽  
Valerie E. Spall ◽  
Michael Shanks ◽  
Andrew J. Maule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Animal Virus

The Research Institute (Animal Virus Diseases) Open Days

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4579) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
IAN A. GALLOWAY
Keyword(s):  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of SARS-CoV-2 variant outbreaks reveals their probability of extinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Schiøler ◽  
Torben Knudsen ◽  
Rasmus Froberg Brøndum ◽  
Jakob Stoustrup ◽  
Martin Bøgsted
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
South African ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Containment Strategy ◽  
Probability Of Extinction

AbstractWhen a virus spreads, it may mutate into, e.g., vaccine resistant or fast spreading lineages, as was the case for the Danish Cluster-5 mink variant (belonging to the B.1.1.298 lineage), the British B.1.1.7 lineage, and the South African B.1.351 lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A way to handle such spreads is through a containment strategy, where the population in the affected area is isolated until the spread has been stopped. Under such circumstances, it is important to monitor whether the mutated virus is extinct via massive testing for the virus sub-type. If successful, the strategy will lead to lower and lower numbers of the sub-type, and it will eventually die out. An important question is, for how long time one should wait to be sure the sub-type is extinct? We use a hidden Markov model for infection spread and an approximation of a two stage sampling scheme to infer the probability of extinction. The potential of the method is illustrated via a simulation study. Finally, the model is used to assess the Danish containment strategy when SARS-CoV-2 spread from mink to man during the summer of 2020, including the Cluster-5 sub-type. In order to avoid further spread and mink being a large animal virus reservoir, this situation led to the isolation of seven municipalities in the Northern part of the country, the culling of the entire Danish 17 million large mink population, and a bill to interim ban Danish mink production until the end of 2021.

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