The Research Institute (Animal Virus Diseases) Open Days

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4579) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
IAN A. GALLOWAY
Keyword(s):  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals John Burns Brooksby. 25 December 1914 — 17 December 1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk

John Brooksby was an outstanding veterinary virologist, who worked at the Animal Virus Diseases Research Institute, Pirbright, for 40 years, for 16 of which he was Director of the Institute. He will be remembered for his contributions to the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, for his discovery of four new types, for the classification of subtypes and for fundamental studies of the virus. As Deputy Director and Director he was responsible for programmes on fundamental investigations of foot–and–mouth disease virus and other viruses exotic to the UK and for the application of the results both in the UK and worldwide. His advice on the distribution and the control of foot–and–mouth disease was sought by international organizations and by individual countries and was responsible for reducing the risk of spread of disease.

scholarly journals The Animal Virus Research Institute, Pirbright

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 205 (4970) ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
M. G. P. STOKER
Keyword(s):  
Animal Virus ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals Weather, host and vector – their interplay in the spread of insect-borne animal virus diseases

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Cycle ◽  
Migratory Cycle

SummaryThe spread of insect-borne animal virus diseases is influenced by a number of factors. Hosts migrate, move or are conveyed over long distances: vectors are carried on the wind for varying distances in search of hosts and breeding sites; weather and climate affect hosts and vectors through temperature, moisture and wind. As parasites of host and vector, viruses are carried by animals, birds and insects, and their spread can be correlated with the migration of hosts and the carriage of vectors on winds associated with the movements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and warm winds to the north and south of the limits of the ITCZ. The virus is often transmitted from a local cycle to a migratory cycle and back again.Examples of insect-borne virus diseases and their spread are analysed. Japanese, Murray Valley, Western equine, Eastern equine and St Louis encephalitis represent viruses transmitted by mosquito–bird or pig cycles.The areas experiencing infection with these viruses can be divided into a number of zones: A, B, C, D, E and F. In zone A there is a continuous cycle of virus in host and vector throughout the year; in zone B, there is an upsurge in the cycle during the wet season, but the cycle continues during the dry season; there is movement of infected vectors between and within zones A and B on the ITCZ and the virus is introduced to zone C by infected vectors on warm winds; persistence may occur in zone C if conditions are right. In zone D, virus is introduced each year by infected vectors on warm winds and the arrival of the virus coincides with the presence of susceptible nestling birds and susceptible piglets. The disappearance of virus occurs at the time when migrating mosquitoes and birds are returning to warmer climates. The virus is introduced to zone E only on occasions every 5–10 years when conditions are suitable. Infected hosts introduced to zone F do not lead to circulation of virus, since the climate is unsuitable for vectors. Zones A, B and C correspond to endemic and zones D and E to epidemic conditions.Similar zones can be recognized for African horse sickness, bluetongue, Ibaraki disease and bovine ephemeral fever – examples of diseases transmitted in a midge-mammal cycle. In zones A and B viruses are transported by infected midges carried on the wind in association with the movement of ITCZ and undergo cycles in young animals. In these zones and in zone C there is a continual movement of midges on the warm wind between one area and another, colonizing new sites or reinforcing populations of midges already present. Virus is introduced at times into fringe areas (zones D and E) and, as there is little resistance in the host, gives rise to clinical signs of disease. In some areas there is persistence during adverse conditions; in others, the virus is carried back to the endemic zones by infected midges or vectors.Examples of viruses maintained in a mosquito/biting fly–mammal cycle are Venezuelan equine encephalitis and vesicular stomatitis. These viruses enter a migratory cycle from a local cycle and the vectors in the migratory cycle are carried over long distances on the wind. Further examples of virus spread by movement of vectors include West Nile, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer and Akabane viruses.In devising means of control it is essential to decide the relationship of host, vector and virus and the nature of the zone in which the area to be controlled lies. Because of the continual risk of reintroduction of infected vectors, it is preferable to protect the host by dipping, spraying or by vaccination rather than attempting to eliminate the local population of insects.

scholarly journals Establishment, maintenance and ordering of grapevine traits collections (Vitis vinifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
I. A. Kovaljova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Crown Gall Disease ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Grapevine Crown Gall ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Virus ◽  
Research Institute

Based on the grapevine genotypes of NSC “Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making” analysis, traits collections have been created and registered, representing genotypes for breeding programs to obtain new varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors (frost and phytopathogens) under conditions implementation of climate change scenarios, varieties with improved quality traits and seedless varieties. Genetic ordering of traits collections has begun on the basis of varieties molecular identification using microsatellite DNA markers (from 5 to 9 MC loci) and identification using DNA markers of genes of interest or gene complexes (primarily a trait of seedlessness). Microsatellite analysis made it possible to identify a total of about 80 genotypes, mainly the varieties breeded at the NSC “Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making”, belonging to the traits collections of resistance and quality. Visual sanitary control of three traits collections showed a practical absence of virus diseases and grapevine crown gall disease symptoms. Sometimes symptoms similar to the phytoplasma infection manifestation were found. The data of virus diseases agents identification by ELISA showed the absence the most harmful viruses — grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine leafroll virus 1 (GLRaV I) on 19 samples tested. From samples of resistance traits collection one sample was positive on grapevine leafroll virus 3 and two were positive on grapevine fleck virus (GfkV). These samples should be eliminated from further propagation and genetic material moving between germplasm repositories. The causative agent of grapevine crown gall disease (Agrobacterium vitis) was not detected on 14 samples of 3 traits collections tested by PCR. It has been determined that the sanitary status of grapevine traits collections practically corresponds to the European minimum sanitary requirements, genetic ordering of characteristic collections will be continued.

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