Selected chemical compounds in firm and mellow persimmon fruit before and after the drying process

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 3140-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Senica ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
Jana Jurhar Grabnar ◽  
Franci Stampar ◽  
Jerneja Jakopic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CLAY-STRAW BUILDING FINISHING LAYER UNDER DIFFERENT DRYING CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Tadas Tamošiūnas ◽  
Romas Girkontas ◽  
Andrius Savickas ◽  
Šarūnas Skuodis ◽  
Lumir Mica
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yellow Clay ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Clay Tiles

This manuscript represents investigation of six different clay mixtures under variable drying conditions, namely: bright yellow clay (typical for Lithuania), brown clay (Lithuania Sergėnai district), mixture of different clays, white Spanish clay, clay mass which is resistant for thermal coldness (with synthetic cardigan) and Lithuanian coarse clay with granite additives. Drying process was provided imitating natural drying process and fast drying in drying oven at 110 C°. The main idea of this study – imitate clay and clay-straw buildings drying process and to determine which of used clay types had smallest volumetric and linear deformations. Volumetric and linear deformations for clay-straw buildings is one of the most important factors evaluating cracking in this type of buildings. To reach this purpose six tiles of different clay types were used. Before drying stage water content, plasticity, and liquid limits index, respectively was determined for all types of clay. All clay tiles volumetric and linear deformations before and after drying process were measured with specialized view analysis program in order not to damage samples’ form. According to the obtained results a clay type whith the smallest deforamations (volumetric and linear) was found. With the smallest volumetric and linear deformations clay-straw building is not only environmental friendly, sustainable and green, but it does not require a lot of maintenance during building life time.

Quality Assessment and Mathematical Modeling of Hot-Air Convective Drying of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña ◽  
Nelson O. Moraga ◽  
Vilbett Briones-Labarca ◽  
Pablo Pacheco-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The influence of drying on the color, porosity, shrinkage and moisture of persimmon fruit during convective drying was determined by computer vision. The experiments were performed with persimmon fruit that were cut into slab 20 × 20 mm, which were arranged into a bigger slab, 60 × 60 mm. Drying process was carried out at 60 °C. Noticeable changes in quality parameters (color, porosity and shrinkage) could be observed during the drying process, where the central region of the sample evidenced less changes. Persimmon’s physical properties were experimentally obtained as the temperature function and heat and mass convective coefficients were adjusted as a time function. A numerical simulation using the Finite Volume Method allowed to describe the evolution of temperature and moisture content distributions during drying. The numerical and experimental results of temperature and moisture during persimmon drying were found to be in a good agreement.

Optimization of Chitosan/PVA Concentration in Fabricating Nanofibers Membrane and its Prospect as Air Filtration

2017 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayatus Shalihah ◽  
Ahmad Kusumaatmaja ◽  
Ari Dwi Nugraheni ◽  
Kuwat Triyana
Keyword(s):  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Maximum Condition ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Porosity Percentage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol (Chitosan/PVA) based nanofibers were successfully produced using electrospinning machine and investigated their application as air filtration. Firstly, 2 wt% chitosan was dissolved to 1 wt% acetic acid followed by mixing with PVA solution to produce fiber mats or membrane. Secondly, the morphology and diameter of the electrospun fiber were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the chemical compounds in the membrane were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the conductivity of solution increased by the concentration of chitosan. Meanwhile, the average diameter and percentage of porosity decreased due to the upsurge of the conductivity of the solution. The average diameter of PVA 13 wt% was and the percentage of porosity were 50.32%. The maximum condition of chitosan/PVA was obtained at 20/80 wt%, in line with the average of fiber diameters and the percentage of porosity were 25.32%. Physicochemical properties of chitosan/PVA solution, such as conductivity, morphology, and chemical absorption were investigated before and after the air filtration. The porosity percentage of PVA 13wt% after air filtration changed to 35.85% and the percentage of porosity of chitosan/PVA 20/80 became 25.32%. Remarkable absorption peaks of PVA 13wt% exhibited and - shifted after the air filtration test, it was indicating that functional groups had been reduced. The chemical absorption of chitosan/PVA 20/80 wt% showed at the the region then disappeared after the air filtration test.

Far-Infrared Drying Effects onto the Physical Characteristics of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Habsah Alwi ◽  
Nurul Shazana Mohd Zain ◽  
Hanafiah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Jefri Jaafar ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

Drying also known as dehydration is commonly used as a unit operation in herbs manufacturing industry to preserve the food product by removing the moisture content in the herbs. Unfortunately, most drying process degraded the product quality because the feedstock is exposed to a very high temperature within a long period of time by using conventional oven Therefore this research has focused on the alternatives technique in overcoming the degradation of nutrients by applying the irradiation concepts. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of drying onto the physical properties of Aquilaria Malaccensis leaves by using fabricated far-infrared dryer. The experiments were conducted at various temperature ranging from 40, 50 and 60°C. The color difference and the moisture content of the leaves before and after drying were examined. The color measurements data shows that at 60°C, the brightness and the chroma were the highest. On the other hand, the hue angles were the highest for 60°C when the time was reached 100 minutes.

The Preparation Research of Powder Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Miao Gui ◽  
Yun Hui Fang ◽  
Qing Chang Lin ◽  
Fei Yu Yu ◽  
Tian Xing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Preparation ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Drying Chamber

This paper uses centrifugal spray drying process to prepare powder polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The best spray drying process: speed of centrifugal atomizer is 16000r/min, feed liquid temperature is 30°C, import / export air temperature of drying chamber is 200°C/80°C. It achieves a high concentration of polycarboxylate superplasticizer to prepare powder product. It solves the problem of sticky and low-performance of powder polycarboxylate superplasticizer during traditional preparation. Analyzing the structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer before and after spray-drying by infrared spectroscopy, and verifying the conclusion through macroeconomic performance experiments.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Minyak Ikan dari Pemurnian Limbah Ikan Tuna dengan Zeolit Secara Kromatografi Kolom

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Johanis Sabar ◽  
Feti Fatimah ◽  
Johnly A. Rorong
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Before And After

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan DHA dan EPA yang terdapat dalam minyak ikan hasil dari pemurnian limbah ikan tuna menggunakan zeolit alam dan mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia pada minyak ikan. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi pengambilan limbah ikan secara acak dari pasar tradisional, ekstraksi minyak ikan dengan cara refluks, pemurnian minyak ikan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan zeolit dan karakterisasi senyawa kimia dari minyak ikan sebelum dan sesudah pemurnian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna dan bau dari minyak ikan sebelum pemurnian yaitu coklat kehitaman dan amat menyengat dan setelah pemurnian warna dan bau minyak ikan yaitu coklat kekuningan dan tidak menyengat. Minyak ikan tuna memiliki rendemen dan kadar air yakni sebelum pemurnian sebesar 4,73% dan 3,36% serta sesudah pemurnian 2,34% dan 1,34%. Sedangkan untuk hasil GC-MS dari minyak ikan sebelum permunian yaitu 26 puncak dan sesudah pemurnian yaitu 31 puncak.A research to find DHA and EPA content in fish oil obtained by purification of tuna fish waste using natural zeolite and to identify chemical compounds in fish oil has been done. Steps included were obtaining tuna fish waste randomly from traditional market, extraction of fish oil by reflux, purification of the oil by column chromatography using natural zeolite, and characterization of chemical compounds in the oil before and after purification. The results showed that odor of the oil before purification was very pungent and its color was blackish and, on the other hand, it was not pungent and its color turned yellowish brown after the purification. In addition, the yield and water content before purification were 4.73% and 3.36%, respectively, and were 2.34% and 1.34%, respectively, after purification. Analysis using GC-MS spectrometry showed 26 peaks in oil before purification and 31 peaks in oil after purification.

scholarly journals Effect of Vacuum Contact Agitated Drying on Particle Size Distribution of Aspirin Powder and Aspirin Agglomerates

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Zainab Ibrahim S. G. Adiya ◽  
Bintu Grema Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Before And After

Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of agitation on particle size distribution of aspirin powder and aspirin agglomerates during vacuum contact agitated drying. Morphology G3 by Malvern was used to find the size distribution of the materials under investigation before and after the drying process at 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 µm. It was found that due to agitation, aspirin powder portrayed from negligible to significant agglomeration dependent on the diameter of the material under investigation. While attrition and agglomeration compete together during the drying process of aspirin agglomerates, with attrition dominating at 0.1 and 0.5µm and agglomeration at 0.9 µm.

scholarly journals Integration of Safety Aspects in Modeling of Superheated Steam Flash Drying of Tobacco

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5927
Author(s):  
Robert Adamski ◽  
Dorota Siuta ◽  
Bożena Kukfisz ◽  
Michał Frydrysiak ◽  
Mirosława Prochoń
Keyword(s):  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Superheated Steam Drying ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Drying Properties ◽  
Steam Drying

Knowledge of the drying properties of tobacco in high temperatures above 100 °C and its dust are crucial in the design of dryers, both in the optimization of the superheated-steam-drying process and in the correct selection of innovative explosion protection and mitigation systems. In this study, tobacco properties were determined and incorporated into the proposed model of an expanding superheated steam flash dryer. The results obtained from the proposed model were validated by using experimental data yielded during test runs of an industrial scale of a closed-loop expansion dryer on lamina cut tobacco. Moreover, the explosion and fire properties of tobacco dust before and after the superheated steam-drying process at 160, 170, 180, and 190 °C were experimentally investigated, using a 20 L spherical explosion chamber, a hot plate apparatus, a Hartmann tube apparatus, and a Godbert–Greenwald furnace apparatus. The results indicate that the higher the drying temperature, the more likely the ignition of the dust tobacco cloud, the faster the explosion flame propagation, and the greater the explosion severity. Tobacco dust is of weak explosion class. Dust obtained by drying with superheated steam at 190 °C is characterized by the highest value of explosion index amounting to 109 ± 14 m·bar·s−1, the highest explosion pressure rate (405 ± 32 bar/s), and the maximum explosion pressure (6.7 ± 0.3 bar). The prevention of tobacco-dust accumulation and its removal from the outer surfaces of machinery and equipment used in the superheated steam-drying process are highly desirable.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lama Waktu Pengadukan Terhadap Pengikatan Impuritis untuk Meningkatkan Kadar NaCl Pada Garam Rakyat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rika Puji Astuti ◽  
Cicik Herlina Yulianti ◽  
Rahmad Aji Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Main Substance ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Standard Quality

ABSTRAKGaram dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu kumpulan senyawa kimia yang bagian utamanya adalah Natrium Chlorida (NaCl) dengan zat-zat pengotor terdiri dari MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, dan lain-lain. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sampel garam rakyat dari Pasar Larangan Sidoarjo yang memiliki kualitas dibawah standar, dengan kadar NaCl 81,88% b/b. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemurnian garam dengan menggunakan metode rekristalisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu pengadukan (15, 30, dan 45menit) terhadap penambahan beberapa senyawa kimia, seperti natrium hidroksida (NaOH), natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) dan barium klorida (BaCl2) untuk mengurangi ion polutan (Ca2+, Mg2+ dan SO42-). Sehingga kadar NaCl dalam garam rakyat akan meningkat. Kadar NaCl dihitung sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan metode titrasi argentometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar NaCl tertinggi diperoleh pada rekristalisasi dengan lama waktu pengadukan 45 menit, dengan kadar 98,86% b/b. Kemurnian ini sesuai untuk memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat dan industri.Kata Kunci: Garam Rakyat, Kadar NaCl, Lama Waktu PengadukanABSTRACTSalt can be defined as chemical compounds which the main substance is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with impurity substances consist of MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, etc. This study used public salt from Larangan Market Sidoarjo which has sub-standard quality, and the concentration of NaCl is about 81,88%b/b. Hence, salt purification is needed using recrystallization method. This study was conducted to determine the influence of stirring time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) of the addition of several chemical compounds, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodiumcarbonate (Na2CO3) and barium chloride (BaCl2) in order to reduce the pollutant ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-). Eventually the percentage of NaCl concentration in public salt will increase. NaCl concentration was calculated before and after treatment was using argentometry titration. The results shows that the highest NaCl concentration is obtained at recrystallization with stirring time 45 minutes, concentration 98,86% b/b. This purity suitable to meet the needs of society and industry demands.Keywords: Stirring Time, The Concentration Of NaCl, Public Salt.

scholarly journals Development of an electrocoagulation equipment for wall paint wastewater treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Forero-Forero ◽  
Rocío Hernández-Lara ◽  
Omar Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
A Current

This article describes the tests carried out to evaluate the process efficiency water treatment by electrocoagulation in construction paint waste water. Electrocoagulation process consists of an electrolytic reactor, equipped with a current source and electrodes responsible for providing the destabilizing ions of colloidal particles, so that they replace the function of the chemical compounds used in conventional wastewater treatment. For the experimental design, we use drinking water and wall paint, in order to treat the solution by electrocoagulation in a treatment scale plant to compare the results before and after treatment, the variables to be measured are: dissolved oxygen (DO); turbidity; pH; conductivity; temperature; chemical oxygen demand (COD).After review the efficiencies obtained, we proceed to the development of an equipment treatment that can treat the waste water from washing brushes and rollers to be reused again in the washing, avoiding contamination caused by washing tools after painting surfaces in construction processes.

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