High-throughput micro plate assays for screening flavonoid content and DPPH-scavenging activity in sorghum bran and flour

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Herald ◽  
Priyadarshini Gadgil ◽  
Michael Tilley
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Sorghum Bran ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of five commercially less valued leafy vegetables from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
Kishwar Jahan Shethi ◽  
Mohammad Zashim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of less valued green leafy vegetables of Bangladesh, the methanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis, A. philoxeroides, A. paronychioides, Glinus oppositifolius and Portulaca oleracea were subjected to assay for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH free radicle scavenging activity. Among the studied materials, A. sessilis showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, G. oppositifolius presented the lowest phenolic content (14.53 ± 0.48 mg of GAE/g of sample) and P. oleracea exhibited minimum (7.005 ± 0.25 mg of RUE/g of sample) flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to increase with increase in the concentration of each individual material. A. philoxiroides (IC50 = 6.07 ± 0.27 μg/ml) was found as the most active in DPPH radical percentage inhibition, which was followed by A. sessilis (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.67 μg/ml). Interestingly, A. paronychioides, in spite of having good amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content, showed less DPPH scavenging activity. No linear relationship was found to exist in case of the total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity among G. oppositifolius, P. oleracea and A. paronychioides. The results from different methods may differ substantially because each complex chemical reaction generates unique values. However, all the five plants exhibited creditable antioxidant activity and thus consumption of these vegetables may play important role in combating oxidative stresses and thereby help in retaining good health.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and DPPH scavenging activity of Combretum punctatum var. squamosum (Combretaceae), an ethnomedicinal plant of Mizoram.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Kawl Thanzami ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti ◽  
Christopher VL Famkima ◽  
H Lalhlenmawia
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Crude Aqueous Extract ◽  
Very High

<p>The main objective of the study is to determine the phytochemical constituents and the DPPH scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of <em>Combretum punctatum</em> var. <em>squamosum</em>.  The phytochemical screening revealed that the crude aqueous extract contained phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols and diterpenes while alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids were found to be absent. The total phenol and flavonoid content in the crude aqueous extract was found to be comparatively high, i.e. 111 mg/g GAE and 120.99 mg/g QE respectively. It was also found that the % DPPH scavenging activity was very high and comparable to the standard used. The IC50 value of the aqueous extract was found to be 1.76 mg/ml which is lower but comparable to the IC50 value of the standard.</p>

scholarly journals The Changes of Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Chlorophyll Content in Plum Peels during Growth Phases: from Fructification to Ripening

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Alina VLAIC ◽  
Vlad MURESAN ◽  
Andruta Elena MURESAN ◽  
Crina Carmen MURESAN ◽  
Adriana PAUCEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Samples from ‘Stanley’, ‘Vânăt de Italia’ and ‘Tuleu Gras’ plum cultivars were collected from two different positions of the tree crown (i.e., inside, and periphery of the crown) at six different harvesting times, starting with the phase when plum fruits were the size of a bean until they reached full maturity at 21 days intervals. The main phytochemicals of plum skin during fruit development were analyzed. Total polyphenols from plum skin showed variations throughout the fruit growth (200.6 to 1244.5 mg GAE 100g-1), a relatively ascending trend being noticed. For ‘Stanley’ DPPH-Scavenging Activity, statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05), with values between 47.4% and 51.5%, were found, similar trends being observed for ‘Vânăt de Italia’ and ‘Tuleu Gras’. The total flavonoid content in the analyzed plum fruits statistically significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from fructification to ripening for ‘Stanley’ and ‘Tuleu Gras’. On the other hand, variations were registered for ‘Vânăt de Italia’ cultivar which had the highest flavonoid content on the sixth harvesting phase. Anthocyanin content accumulated in ‘Vânăt de Italia’ plum peel showed increasing values during fruit development, regardless of the harvesting phase, variety or position, while a slightly decreasing trend was found for ‘Stanley’ and ‘Tuleu Gras’ varieties. The largest quantity of total chlorophyll (287.4 µg g-1) was found in the fructification phase, followed by a continuous decrease until ripening, whatever the variety or crown position. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Profiles of Duranta erecta L. Parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Donkor ◽  
Christopher Larbie ◽  
Gustav Komlaga ◽  
Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The use of plant-based medicine is popular amongst individuals and communities in developing countries. Duranta erecta has been used in Africa and Asia to treat a wide range of diseases. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of D. erecta to ascertain its health benefits in traditional medicine. Phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial effect of the hydroethanolic extract of D. erecta leaves (DRL), unripe fruits (DRU), and ripe fruits (DRR) were investigated by standard methods. Elemental analyses were carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) on the raw sample and extract. FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy were used to identify functional groups. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests. The total phenolic and total tannin contents were evaluated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid content was determined by the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay method. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH scavenging activity. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, amides, carboxylic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkynes, primary and secondary amines, and alkyl halides. Iron, zinc, and copper were also detected. Total phenolic and tannin contents ranged from 2.20 ± 0.15 to 14.54 ± 0.29 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g and 3.55 ± 0.07 to 13.82 ± 0.04 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. Total flavonoid content varied from 41.76 ± 0.96 to 343.49 ± 3.45 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was recorded in the methanolic fraction of the leaves. The antimicrobial assay of the extract or fractions recorded no activity against the test organisms. The outcome of this study affirmed that D. erecta contains phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that could be of health benefit.

scholarly journals Potential elicitors on secondary metabolite production and antioxidant defence activity of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhagie K. Cham ◽  
Ma del Carmen Ojeda Zacarías ◽  
Héctor Lozoya Saldaña ◽  
Rigoberto E. Vázquez Alvarado ◽  
Emilio Olivares Sáenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Responses ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Pathogen Attack ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Plants protect themselves, after pathogen attack, through the passive and active defense mechanisms. The treatment of plants with various agents, including cell wall fragments, plant extracts, and synthetic chemicals, can induce resistance to subsequent pathogen attack both locally and systemically. In view of the capability of phytochemicals compounds found in fruits and vegetables with different proven health benefits to consumers, there are different strategies to enhance the concentration of these compounds, among which the use of elicitors. Elicitation has been used to trigger different defense responses in plants, which lead to different mechanisms, such as activation of enzymes related with secondary metabolism. In this study we investigated the effects of elicitors (Activane®, Micobiol®, Stemicol® in doses of 1.8 g L⁻¹, 3 m L⁻¹ and 2.5 g·L⁻¹) on the activity of two enzymes (polyphenoloxydase and peroxidase) in leaves as well as on the bioactive content (DPPH scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content) in fruits of Solanum lycopersicumL. The elicitors studied affected the production of enzyme and antioxidant activities in tomato, though showed a variable influence on the production of total phenolic and flavonoid content in tomato fruits. In general, the elicitors are able to increase polyphenoloxydase activity in leaves and phytochemical properties in fruits, with a significant negative correlation between the DPPH scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoids. These findings provide positive directions for the possible use of these elicitors in tomato (‘Bola’ and ‘Saladette’) production in greenhouse. Highlights - Elicitors increase the enzymatic activity of PPO in tomato leaves. - The production of total phenolic contents and flavonoids depends on type of elicitors. - No effects on the peroxidase content of the tomato leaves. - The antioxidant capacity of the aqueous fruits extract showed a significant difference (P = 0.05) between the treatments in the Saladette variety. - Positive relationship between total phenolic contents and flavonoids.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder, Jam and Yoghurt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlin Hamwenye ◽  
Helena Shindaadhi ◽  
Elizabeth Sivhute ◽  
Penny Hiwilepo-van Hal ◽  
Chinemba Samundengu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Abstract BackgroundHibiscus sabdariffa is popularly known as food and herbal drink with numerous health benefits. The phytochemical compounds present in Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces are important in developing nutraceutical foods. In this study hibiscus jam and yoghurt were produced from dried hibiscus calyces’ powder.MethodsThe phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of these products were then analysed in terms of Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC), Condensed tannins (CT) and DPPH Scavenging activity.ResultsThe results showed the presence of all phytochemical compounds (TPC, TFC, CT) and antioxidant activity in all Hibiscus sabdariffa products. The hibiscus calyces powder showed the highest phytochemical contents of 35.24 mg GAE. g -1 , 0.91 mg QE. g -1 , 2.85 mg CAE. g -1 and 48.2 % inhibition for TPC, TFC, CT and DPPH Scavenging activity, respectively. Hibiscus jam and Hibiscus yoghurt had phytochemical contents of 6.44 and 4.81 mg GAE. g -1 , 0.19 & 0.24 mg QE. g -1 , 1.40 & 0.66 mg CAE. g -1 and 26.2 & 39.3 % inhibition for TPC, TFC, TC and DPPH Scavenging activity, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of the current study showed that there is potential in using Hibiscus sabdariffa to develop functional foods.

Characterization of non polar-polar solvent extracts from some tea plantation shade tree leaves with special reference to antioxidant and antibacterial activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Arindam Ghosh ◽  
Soumya Majumder ◽  
Sumedha Saha ◽  
Malay Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Beneficial properties of shade trees of tea plantations other than their medicinal properties have been extensively studied. This research was initiated to explore the properties of some shade trees with special emphasis on their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Leaves from shade tree like Dalbergia sissoo (DS), Cassia siamea (CS), Derris robusta (DR), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia lenticularis (AL) and Melia azedarach (MA) were used for the study. Characterization of shade tree leaves by determination of moisture, crude fibre and ash content and tests of non polar – polar solvent extracts for steroid, tannins, cardiac glycosides and coumarin, free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, NO scavenging activities, quantification of Flavonoids and antibacterial activity were conducted. The average moisture, crude fibre and ash percentage of shade tree plants were found to be 62.95, 11.28 and 1.86 respectively. Methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate respectively proved to be the most potent solvent for various phytochemical extractions as it gave positive results for tests like tannin, steroid, cardiac glycosides and coumarin. AL (91.46%), DR (92.69%), LL (94.32%) and MA (93.34%) leaf extracts showed a high level of DPPH scavenging activity in their water extracts. In DS (88.11%) and CS (83.23%) maximum DPPH scavenging activity was observed in Diethyl ether and Methanol extracts respectively.  Acetone extracts were more active than the water extracts in exhibiting ferric reducing power and NO scavenging activity. Summation of the quantity revealed that DS showed maximum presence of flavonoids and acetone as most potential for isolation of flavonoids. The decreasing order of summative antibacterial activity was recorded in DS, followed by CS, DR, AL, MA and LL. Chloroform showed the highest summative inhibition zone followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, water,  hexane, benzene and methanol. The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of shade trees were established.

scholarly journals Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference?

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Janusz Malarz ◽  
Klaudia Michalska ◽  
Anna Stojakowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of Lactuca sativa var. angustana cv. Grüner Stern. In contrast to leafy and head varieties of the lettuces, asparagus lettuce grown in Europe is much less studied. Fractionation of a methanolic extract from leaves of L. sativa cv. Grüner Stern, supported with HPLC/DAD and 1H NMR analysis, led to the isolation and/or identification of numerous terpenoid and phenolic compounds, including five apocarotenoids—(-)-loliolide, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol A, (6S,9S)-vomifoliol, and corchoionoside C; three sesquiterpene lactones; two lignans—((+)-syringaresinol and its 4-O-β-glucoside); five caffeic acid derivatives; and three flavonoids. Some of the compounds, to the best of our knowledge, have never been isolated from L. sativa before. Moreover, monolignols, phenolic acids and a tryptophan-derived alkaloid were found in the analyzed plant material. Stems, leaves and shoot tips of the asparagus lettuce were examined to assess their phenolics and sesquiterpene lactone content as well as DPPH scavenging activity. Another stem lettuce—L. sativa var. angustana cv. Karola, two cultivars of leafy lettuces and one species of wild lettuce—L. serriola, were also examined as a reference material using HPLC/DAD. The results have been discussed regarding our previous studies and the literature data available.

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