Phenolic constituents of cell wall types of normal and brown midrib mutants of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) in relation to wall biodegradability

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D Hartley ◽  
W Herbert Morrison ◽  
William S Borneman ◽  
Luanne L Rigsby ◽  
Malcolm O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of normal and brown midrib forage pearl millet grown in southwestern Québec

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
F. Hassanat ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Normal Genotype

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of normal and brown midrib (bmr) forage pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grown in southwestern Québec conditions. Forage was harvested twice during the season. Relative to normal genotype, bmr millet contained less (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin and more (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP). Fiber fractions were similar for the two harvests. However, CP content was higher (P < 0.05) in the first than the second harvest. In situ ruminal degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF were all higher (P < 0.05) for bmr than normal forage millet and were not affected by harvest. Key words: Forage quality, pearl millet, ruminal degradability, protein fractions, brown midrib

Effect of the brown midrib trait and stage of development at harvest on cell wall composition and degradability of forage pearl millet leaves and stems

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Hassanat ◽  
Arif F Mustafa ◽  
Philippe Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Stage Of Development

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the brown midrib trait and stage of development [vegetative (VS) vs. heading (HS) stage] on chemical composition and in situ rumen disappearance of forage millet leaves and stems. Forage yield of brown midrib millet was 80 and 50% of that of regular millet at VS and HS, respectively. The reduction in brown midrib millet yield was mainly due to reduction in plant height and tillers m-2. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, and concentrations of ADF and ADL in leaves by 6 and 49%, respectively. Effects of stage of development on fiber fractions were more pronounced in stems than in leaves. Millet stems harvested at HS had greater concentration of NDF, ADF and ADL than at VS, while only ADL concentration in millet leaves increased with advancing development. Leaves and stems of brown midrib millet (BM) contained more arabinose and xylose than those of regular millet (RM), while glucose concentration was not affected by millet type. Concentrations of xylose and arabinose were higher in leaves, while those of glucose and arabinose were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids in both leaves and stems. However, concentration of ester-linked ferulic acid was only reduced in stems. Concentrations of all phenolic acids were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. However, the effects of stage of development for most phenolic acids were more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. The brown midrib trait reduced the negative impact of increasing maturity on in situ DM and NDF disappearance in leaves and in situ DM disappearance in stems. It was concluded that the brown midrib trait caused significant changes in cell wall composition of both leaf and stem fractions which resulted in improved in situ nutrient disappearances. The trait also reduced the negative effect of advanced maturity on nutrient digestibility. Key words: Brown midrib; forage millet; in situ disappearance; Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; phenolic acids

Structure and digestibility of tissues in normal and brown midrib pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny E Akin ◽  
Luanne L Rigsby ◽  
Wayne W Hanna ◽  
Roger N Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Brown Midrib

scholarly journals Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8460
Author(s):  
Armel Rouamba ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Prakash Gangashetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
South Central

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Compost, and Vermicompost on Strawberry Yields and Nitrogen Availability in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Beck ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Julie M. Grossman ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N

Summer cover crop rotations, compost, and vermicompost additions can be important strategies for transition to organic production that can provide various benefits to crop yields, nitrogen (N) availability, and overall soil health, yet are underused in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production in North Carolina. This study was aimed at evaluating six summer cover crop treatments including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet/soybean combination, pearl millet/cowpea combination, and a no cover crop control, with and without vermicompost additions for their effects on strawberry growth, yields, nutrient uptake, weeds, and soil inorganic nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen in a 2-year field experiment. Compost was additionally applied before seeding cover crops and preplant N fertilizer was reduced by 67% to account for organic N additions. Although all cover crops (with compost) increased soil N levels during strawberry growth compared with the no cover crop treatment, cover crops did not impact strawberry yields in the first year of the study. In the 2nd year, pearl millet cover crop treatments reduced total and marketable strawberry yields, and soybean treatments reduced marketable strawberry yields when compared with the no cover crop treatment, whereas vermicompost additions increased strawberry biomass and yields. Results from this study suggest that vermicompost additions can be important sustainable soil management strategies for transitional and certified organic strawberry production. Summer cover crops integrated with composts can provide considerable soil N, reducing fertilizer needs, but have variable responses on strawberry depending on the specific cover crop species or combination. Moreover, these practices are suitable for both organic and conventional strawberry growers and will benefit from longer-term studies that assess these practices individually and in combination and other benefits in addition to yields.

Involvement of silicon in pearl millet resistance to downy mildew disease and its interplay with cell wall proline/hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deepak ◽  
G. Manjunath ◽  
S. Manjula ◽  
S. Niranjan-Raj ◽  
N. P. Geetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease
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