Effect of nitrogen nutrition and water regime on abscisic, phaseic and dihydrophaseic acid metabolism in leaves of field-grown kale (Brassica oleracea): Consequences for plant growth and crop yield

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Whenham ◽  
Ian G Burns ◽  
David A Stone ◽  
Ronald S S Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dihydrophaseic Acid

scholarly journals Physiology of Methylotrophs Living in the Phyllosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Hiroya Yurimoto ◽  
Kosuke Shiraishi ◽  
Yasuyoshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Methanol is abundant in the phyllosphere, the surface of the above-ground parts of plants, and its concentration oscillates diurnally. The phyllosphere is one of the major habitats for a group of microorganisms, the so-called methylotrophs, that utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds, such as methanol and methane, as their sole source of carbon and energy. Among phyllospheric microorganisms, methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, known as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), are the dominant colonizers of the phyllosphere, and some of them have recently been shown to have the ability to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In addition to PPFMs, methanol-utilizing yeasts can proliferate and survive in the phyllosphere by using unique molecular and cellular mechanisms to adapt to the stressful phyllosphere environment. This review describes our current understanding of the physiology of methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts living in the phyllosphere where they are exposed to diurnal cycles of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Engineering Climate-Change-Resilient Crops: New Tools and Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7877
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Néstor Carrillo ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Protective Resources

Environmental adversities, particularly drought and nutrient limitation, are among the major causes of crop losses worldwide. Due to the rapid increase of the world’s population, there is an urgent need to combine knowledge of plant science with innovative applications in agriculture to protect plant growth and thus enhance crop yield. In recent decades, engineering strategies have been successfully developed with the aim to improve growth and stress tolerance in plants. Most strategies applied so far have relied on transgenic approaches and/or chemical treatments. However, to cope with rapid climate change and the need to secure sustainable agriculture and biomass production, innovative approaches need to be developed to effectively meet these challenges and demands. In this review, we summarize recent and advanced strategies that involve the use of plant-related cyanobacterial proteins, macro- and micronutrient management, nutrient-coated nanoparticles, and phytopathogenic organisms, all of which offer promise as protective resources to shield plants from climate challenges and to boost stress tolerance in crops.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

scholarly journals Citrus Soil pH Testing Procedures

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Kelly Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Soil And Water

 Maintaining the correct soil pH is essential to ensure optimal plant growth and crop yield. This new two-page document is an instructional sheet for citrus soil pH testing, written by Kelly Morgan and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss665

Amending aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China with Pisha sandstone and increasing phosphorus supply were more effective than increasing water supply for improving plant growth and phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Honghua He ◽  
Zekun Zhang ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Zhigang Dong ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
P Supply

Plant growth is often constrained by low availability of water and phosphorus (P) in soils in arid and semi-arid areas. Aeolian sandy soils cover >90% of the sandy area of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in Northwest China. These soils have low water- and nutrient-retention capacity, limiting their ability to support plant growth. Pisha sandstone, a type of loose rock widely distributed in the MUSL, is regarded as an environmental hazard because it easily weathers, resulting in severe soil erosion and water loss. However, the retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil can be significantly improved through blending with Pisha sandstone. We investigated the impacts of water supply (35% and 70% of soil water-holding capacity) and P supply (0, 5 and 20 mg P kg–1 soil) on plant growth and P and nitrogen (N) nutrition by growing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in MUSL aeolian sandy soil amended or not with Pisha sandstone. Soil type and P supply had greater effects than water supply on lucerne growth and on P and N nutrition. Biomass accumulation and shoot P and N concentrations were increased by amending the aeolian sandy soil with Pisha sandstone and increasing P supply. The N:P ratios in shoots indicated that plant growth was limited by P but not by N. Aeolian sandy soil amended with Pisha sandstone and supplied with P at 5 mg kg–1 enhanced lucerne growth; this practice is feasible for pasture development in the MUSL.

Contrasting dynamics in abscisic acid metabolism in different Fragaria spp. during fruit ripening and identification of involved enzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás E Figueroa ◽  
Thomas Hoffmann ◽  
Klaus Olbricht ◽  
Suzanne R Abrams ◽  
Wilfried Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phaseic Acid ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Dihydrophaseic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid Metabolism

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone in non-climacteric Fragaria spp, regulating multiple physiological processes throughout fruit ripening. Its level increases during ripening, and it promotes fruit (receptacle) development. However, its metabolism in the fruit is largely unknown. We analyzed the levels of ABA and its catabolites at different developmental stages of strawberry ripening in diploid and octoploid genotypes and identified two functional ABA-glucosyltransferases (FvUGT71A49 and FvUGT73AC3) and two regiospecific ABA-8’-hydroxylases (FaCYP707A4a and FaCYP707A1/3). ABA-glucose-ester content increased during ripening in diploid F. vesca varieties but decreased in octoploid F. xananassa. Dihydrophaseic acid content increased throughout ripening in all analyzed receptacles, while 7’-hydroxy-ABA and neo-phaseic acid did not show significant changes during ripening. In the studied F. vesca varieties, the receptacle seems to be the main tissue for ABA metabolism, as the content of ABA and its metabolites in the receptacle was generally 100 times higher than in achenes, respectively. The accumulation patterns of ABA catabolites and transcriptomic data from the literature show that all strawberry fruits produce and metabolize considerable amounts of the plant hormone ABA during ripening, which is therefore a conserved process, but also illustrate the diversity of this metabolic pathway which is species, variety and tissue dependent.

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