In situ oral lubrication and smoothness sensory perception influenced by tongue surface roughness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingqun Wang ◽  
Jianshe Chen ◽  
Xinmiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Tongue Surface

Ge-Quantum Dots on SI(001) Tailored by Carbon Predeposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Leifeld ◽  
D. Grützmacher ◽  
B. Müller ◽  
K. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Island Nucleation ◽  
Facet Formation

AbstractThe morphology of Si(001) after carbon deposition of 0.05 to 0.11 monolayers (ML) was investigated in situ by ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM). The carbon induces a c(4×4)-reconstruction of the surface. In addition, carbon increases the surface roughness compared to clean Si(001) (2×1). In a second step, the influence of the carbon induced restructuring on Ge-island nucleation was investigated. The 3D-growth sets in at considerably lower Ge coverage compared to the clean Si(001) (2×1) surface. This leads to a high density of small though irregularly shaped dots, consisting of stepped terraces, already at 2.5 ML Ge. Increasing the Ge-coverage beyond the critical thickness for facet formation, the dots show { 105 }- facets well known from Ge-clusters on bare Si(001) (2×1). However, they are flat on top with a (001)-facet showing the typical buckled Ge rows and missing dimers. This indicates that the compressive strain is not fully relaxed in these hut clusters.

In Situ Thin Film Stress Measurements – A Path to Understanding the Structure and Morphology of Electron Beam Evaporated ZnS

2002 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Barrioz ◽  
Stuart J. C. Irvine ◽  
D. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Intrinsic Stress ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Stress Measurements

ABSTRACTZnS is a material of choice in the optical coating industry for its optical properties and broad transparency range. One of the drawbacks of ZnS is that it develops high compressive intrinsic stress resulting in large residual stress in the deposited layer. This paper concentrates on the evolution of residual stress reduction in ZnS single layers, depending upon their deposition rate or the substrate temperature during deposition (i.e. 22 °C and 133 °C). The substrate preparation is addressed for consideration of layer adhesion. Residual stress of up to − 550 MPa has been observed in amorphous/poor polycrystalline ZnS layers, deposited on CMX and Float glass type substrates, by electron beam evaporation at 22 °C, with a surface roughness between 0.4 and 0.8 nm. At 133 °C, the layer had a surface roughness of 1 nm, the residual stress in the layer decreased to − 150 MPa, developing a wurtzite structure with a (002) preferred orientation. In situ stress measurements, using a novel optical approach with a laser-fibre system, were carried out to identify the various sources of stress. A description of this novel in situ stress monitor and its advantages are outlined. The residual stress values were supported by two ex situ stress techniques. The surface morphology analysis of the ZnS layers was carried out using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and showed that stress reduced layers actually gave rougher surfaces.

scholarly journals Influence of different light-curing units on the surface roughness of restorative materials: in situ study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Juliane Cristina Ciccone-Nogueira ◽  
Wanessa Christine de Souza-Zaroni ◽  
Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Light Curing

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Carbon on the Contraction of Hypo-Peritectic Steels during Initial Solidification by Surface Roughness

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Pu ◽  
Guanghua Wen ◽  
Dachao Fu ◽  
Ping Tang ◽  
Junli Guo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Continuous Casting Process ◽  
Peritectic Steel ◽  
Laser Confocal Microscope ◽  
Initial Solidification

In the continuous casting process, the shrinkage of the peritectic phase transition during the initial solidification process has an important influence on the surface quality of peritectic steel. The initial solidification process of 0.10C%, 0.14C%, and 0.16C% peritectic steels was observed in situ by a high temperature laser confocal microscope, and the contraction degree during initial solidification was characterized by surface roughness. The results showed that under the cooling rate of 20 °C/s, the surface roughness value Ra(δ/γ) of 0.10C% peritectic steel was 32 μm, the Ra(δ/γ) value of 0.14C% peritectic steel was 25 μm, and the Ra(δ/γ) value of 0.16C% peritectic steel was 17 μm. With increasing carbon content, the contraction degree of the δ→γ transformation decreased, and the value of the surface roughness Ra(δ/γ) declined. Therefore, surface roughness can characterize the contraction degree of the δ→γ transformation in the initial solidification process of peritectic steel under the condition of a large cooling rate.

scholarly journals Ge FinFET CMOS Inverters with Improved Channel Surface Roughness by Using In-situ ALD Digital O3 Treatment

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.-S. Yeh ◽  
G.-L. Luo ◽  
F.-J. Hou ◽  
P.-J. Sung ◽  
C.-J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Channel Surface

Repairing system of large-scale spindle based on planetary grinding equipment

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (9) ◽  
pp. 1980-1986
Author(s):  
Cong Mao ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Hongfu Zou ◽  
ZhiXiong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Dimension Precision ◽  
Working Principle

The journal and the shaft shoulder of large-scale spindle are usually worn for insufficient lubrication or the entering of dust. Then, the large-scale spindle is necessary to be immediately repaired. Based on the repairing feature of the large-scale spindle and the main problem of the traditional repairing method, a planetary grinding equipment was developed. The working principle and the structure characteristic of the planetary grinding equipment were analysed. Furthermore, the spindle of the large-scale fan rotor was repaired in situ using the planetary grinding equipment. It was found that the repaired spindle has good dimension precision and surface roughness. A feasible technology was provided for the repairing of the large-scale spindle in situ using this machining method.

Tailoring Surface Roughness of Micro Selective Laser Melted SS316L by In-Situ Laser Remelting

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Hu ◽  
Balasubramanian Nagarajan ◽  
Xu Song ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Wei Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Remelting

scholarly journals Identification of Plastic Type and Surface Roughness of Film-Type Plastics in Water Using Kramers–Kronig Analysis

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Boniphace Elphace Kanyathare ◽  
Benjamin Asamoah ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ishaq ◽  
James Amoani ◽  
Jukka Räty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Film Type ◽  
Plastic Type

The knowledge of the plastic type, thickness, and the nature of the surface is important towards the monitoring of microplastic pollution in water bodies, especially when vis-NIR spectroscopy is utilized. Factors such as complex environment and surface roughness induced-light scattering of the probing light limit the optical detection of these parameters in in-situ measurements, however. In this paper, a novel application of Kramers–Kronig analysis was exploited to identify both smooth and rough film-type macroplastics with unknown thickness. This method is particularly useful in the in-situ identification of unknown film-like macroplastics; although the sample is large, the ratio function is detected from an area that corresponds to the size of a MP. Therefore, it can be applied for the case of large size MPs. The validity of the method was demonstrated using transmittance data for smooth and roughened plastics given in Kanyathare et al., 2020.

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