Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua‐feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subarna Ghosh ◽  
Venkata S.P. Bitra ◽  
D.D. Smith ◽  
G. Veeraprasad
Keyword(s):  
Aqua Feed ◽  
Kernel Meal

Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.

scholarly journals Feed Utilisation Efficiency of Lupin Inclusion in Cobia: Role of Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Duc Pham ◽  
Ravi Fotedar ◽  
Chau Minh Nguyen ◽  
Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddik
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

The dietary selenium (Se) requirement has been determined for cobia Rachycentron canadum using purified diet; however, its role in the utilisation of plant-derived ingredients has not been evaluated in the species. Therefore, a 3 x 2 factorial experimental design involving three inclusion levels (0, 210 and 315 g/kg) of lupin Lupinus angustifolius kernel meal (LKM) and two concentrations (0 and 0.8 mg/kg) of Se was used to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation in conjunction with LKM on the growth, feed utilisation and physiological responses in the cobia. Six isonitrogenous (46.5 % crude protein) and isoenergetic (21 MJ/kg gross energy) diets were formulated and fed to cobia for 7 weeks in a flow-through seawater system. The results showed significant effects of Se supplementation and its interaction with dietary lupin on the growth and feed efficiency of cobia. Se supplementation significantly improved the growth and feed utilisation efficiency in cobia fed lupin-based diets. The nutrient digestibility of fish fed supplemental Se lupin-based diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed diets without Se supplementation at each inclusion level of LKM. There were no significant effects of dietary Se supplementation on the survival, muscle composition or muscle amino acids, whereas regression analysis indicated a positive linear relationship between tissue Se accumulation and dietary Se levels. An enhancement of haematological responses was also observed in cobia fed Se-supplemented diets. In summary, cobia fed lupin-based diets required higher dietary Se supplementation for higher feed utilisation efficiency than previously quantified for the casein-based diet.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

scholarly journals High Level of Energy and Protein Supplementation Effect on Feed Intake and Liveweight Gain of Bali Bulls Fed Elephant Grass

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sulendre ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
Takdir ◽  
Harper ◽  
Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
High Level ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Faecal Ph

This research was carried out on-farm at Malonas village, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia to examine the effect of high level supplementation of by-products formulated for high ME and CP. Feed intake, faecal pH and liveweight gain of Bali bulls was observed. The basal diet was elephant grass, and supplements were rice bran (RB), cassava (C), palm kernel meal (PKM), gliricidia (G) and urea. Fifty Bali bulls (weight 168±4.48 kg) were housed in individual pens for 18 weeks (2 introductory and 16 experimental) and allocated into five treatments: A= elephant grass (EG) ad libitum, B= EG offered at 1%W/d, plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:G, (1:1), C = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:PKM(1:1), D = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C:G (1:1), E = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C+ urea: PKM (1:1). Faecal pH was measured at weeks 3, 9 and 15. Bali bulls fed B, C, D and E, consumed supplement at the rate of 2.15, 2.19, 2.09 and 2.29 %W/d, respectively. Total feed intake was 2.47, 2.98, 2.99, 2.93, 3.13%W/d, liveweight gain was 0.30, 0.57, 0.60, 0.66, 0.69 g/d and faecal pH was 6.93, 6.76, 6.65, 6.45, 6.33 for treatment A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Supplementation increased significantly (P<0.05) total feed intake, liveweight gain, but reduced faecal pH. The highest total feed intake and liveweight gain was achieved by treatment E. It is concluded that cassava can be provided at 1.15%W/d in combination with protein supplement for high liveweight gain of Bali bulls.

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