Relationship between Human Milk Lipid-Ultrafiltrate and Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 796-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartley C. Atkinson ◽  
Evan J. Begg
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Milk Lipid

scholarly journals FATTY ACID PROFILE OF NON-CONFORMING POOLED HUMAN MILK AS AFFECTED BY THE PROCESSING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Otávio A. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Kely P. Correa ◽  
Mauricio O. Leite ◽  
Marcio A. Martins ◽  
Jane S. R. Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

The fatty acid's contents of non-conform pooled human milk can be affected by different processing and storage operational conditions. Besides, the knowledge of changes in the human milk fatty acid profile can help indicate its use in a given storage period, according to each newborn's specific need. Thus, in the present work, changes in the fatty acid profiles of three types of human milk (raw; pasteurized at 62.5 °C for 30 min; homogenized at 40 oC for 30 s followed by pasteurization) were studied during storage for six months in a freezer at -18 oC. Large variations were observed in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of docosahexaenoic acid, with a reduction of almost 50% of its total. Palmitic and stearic acid contents also changed according to the conditions of processing and storage. Correlations between the decrease of long fatty acid chains and the increase of medium and short chains were verified.  Thus, we observe that operational conditions of processing and storing change human milk lipid profile, with some nutritional losses.

Nutrition and Lactation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Peter R. Dallman ◽  
Homer Anderson ◽  
Platon Jack Collipp ◽  
Buford L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Milk Lipids ◽  
Breast Fed

Lactation is a continuation of intrauterine gestation. In both processes, maternal diet plays an active role in the provision of nutrients, maternal nutritional stores and endocrine adaptations serve to buffer the short-term variations in maternal nutritional intake, blood flow plays an overriding role in nutrient transfer to the fetus and newborn infant, and the nutrient demands of the recipient are the highest of any stage in human development. Human milk is remarkable in its variability. Recent data suggest that the variability often improves the nutrient composition as part of a complex adaptation to the infant's specific needs. A comprehensive survey of the literature on lactation and human milk is provided in two review articles.1,2 NUTRIENTS Lipids Milk lipids provide the major fraction of calories in human milk, yet they are the most variable constituent.3 Preceding a nursing, the fluid phase of milk stored within the gland resembles skimmed milk. During the course of a nursing, the contraction of smooth muscle launches the fat droplets. This draught reflex is essential for caloric adequacy for the breast-fed infant.2 Women living under unfavorable socioeconomic conditions have reduced total milk lipid.4-6 There is evidence that supplementing the diets of these women leads to increased milk fat. Under controlled metabolic ward conditions, a high-caloric, high-fat diet can be demonstrated to increase milk fat production.7 The distribution of the spectrum of fatty acids in human milk also is responsive to dietary changes.7-13 Women who are malnourished also produce an excess of 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids.14

Capillary gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters from human milk lipid subclasses

1983 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haug ◽  
Ingrid Dieterich ◽  
Christel Laubach ◽  
Domenica Reinhardt ◽  
Gerd Harzer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Acid Methyl

Changes in human milk lipid composition and conformational state during a single breastfeed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna R. de Wolf ◽  
Anki Lenferink ◽  
Aufried T. M. Lenferink ◽  
Cees Otto ◽  
Nienke Bosschaart
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Conformational State ◽  
Milk Lipid

scholarly journals Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Miya Su ◽  
Arvind K. Subbaraj ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Xiaoyan Qi ◽  
Hongxin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Weanling Rats

Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.

scholarly journals Arachidonic Acid in Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Salem ◽  
Peter Van Dael
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Long Chain

Breastfeeding is universally recommended as the optimal choice of infant feeding and consequently human milk has been extensively investigated to unravel its unique nutrient profile. The human milk lipid composition is unique and supplies specifically long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), in particular, arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n–6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3). Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the most predominant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in human milk, albeit at low concentrations as compared to other fatty acids. It occurs predominantly in the triglyceride form and to a lesser extent as milk fat globule membrane phospholipids. Human milk ARA levels are modulated by dietary intake as demonstrated by animal and human studies and consequently vary dependent on dietary habits among mothers and regions across the globe. ARA serves as a precursor to eicosanoids and endocannabinoids that also occur in human milk. A review of scientific and clinical studies reveals that ARA plays an important role in physiological development and its related functions during early life nutrition. Therefore, ARA is an important nutrient during infancy and childhood and, as such, appropriate attention is required regarding its nutritional status and presence in the infant diet. Data are emerging indicating considerable genetic variation in encoding for desaturases and other essential fatty acid metabolic enzymes that may influence the ARA level as well as other LC-PUFAs. Human milk from well-nourished mothers has adequate levels of both ARA and DHA to support nutritional and developmental needs of infants. In case breastfeeding is not possible and infant formula is being fed, experts recommend that both ARA and DHA are added at levels present in human milk.

scholarly journals An infant formula with large, milk phospholipid–coated lipid droplets containing a mixture of dairy and vegetable lipids supports adequate growth and is well tolerated in healthy, term infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Breij ◽  
Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld ◽  
Yvan Vandenplas ◽  
Sabine N J Jespers ◽  
Amerik C de Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breastfed Infants

ABSTRACT Background Lipid droplets in human milk have a mode diameter of ∼4 μm and are surrounded by a native phospholipid-rich membrane. Current infant milk formulas (IMFs) contain small lipid droplets (mode diameter ∼0.5 μm) primarily coated by proteins. A concept IMF was developed mimicking more closely the structure and composition of human milk lipid droplets. Objectives This randomized, controlled, double-blind equivalence trial evaluates the safety and tolerance of a concept IMF with large, milk phospholipid–coated lipid droplets (mode diameter 3–5 μm) containing vegetable and dairy lipids in healthy, term infants. Methods Fully formula-fed infants were enrolled up to 35 d of age and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 formulas until 17 wk of age: 1) Control IMF with small lipid droplets containing vegetable oils (n = 108); or 2) Concept IMF with large, milk phospholipid–coated lipid droplets comprised of 48% dairy lipids (n = 115). A group of 88 breastfed infants served as reference. Primary outcome was daily weight gain during intervention. Additionally, number and type of adverse events, growth, and tolerance parameters were monitored. Results Equivalence of daily weight gain was demonstrated (Concept compared with Control IMF: −1.37 g/d; 90% CI: −2.71, −0.02; equivalence margin ± 3 g/d). No relevant group differences were observed in growth, tolerance and number, severity, or relatedness of adverse events. We did observe a higher prevalence of watery stools in the Concept than in the Control IMF group between 5 and 12 wk of age (P < 0.001), closer to the stool characteristics observed in the breastfed group. Conclusions An infant formula with large, milk phospholipid–coated lipid droplets containing dairy lipids is safe, well tolerated, and supports an adequate growth in healthy infants. This trial was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl) as NTR3683.

Homogenized and pasteurized human milk: lipid profile and effect as a supplement in the enteral diet of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Kely de Paula Correa ◽  
Monique Ellen Torres da Silva ◽  
Otávio Augusto Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Sérgio Luís Pinto da Matta ◽  
Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Abstract The retention of human milk fat in nasogastric probes of infusion pumps can be observed during the feed of infants unable to suck at the mother’s breast. The lack of homogenization of human milk could contribute to the fat holding. Therefore, the present study evaluated (i) the influence of homogenization on milk fat retaining in infant feeding probes and (ii) the in vivo effect of the homogenization on lipid absorption by Wistar rats. The animals were fed with human milk treated following two processing conditions, i.e., pasteurized and homogenized-pasteurized. The animals were randomly subdivided into four experimental groups: water-fed (control), pasteurized milk, homogenized-pasteurized milk, and pasteurized-skimmed milk. The results of food consumption, mass body gain, corporate metrics, and plasma blood levels of total cholesterol did not show any difference (p<0.05) among the three types of human milk used in the experiments. The liver, intestine, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue of the four groups of animals presented normal and healthy histology. The composition of fatty acids in the brain tissue of animals fed with homogenized human milk increased when compared with the groups fed with non-homogenized human milk. These values were 11.08% higher for arachidonic acids, 6.59% for docosahexaenoic, and 47.92% for nervous acids. The ingestion of homogenized human milk promoted higher absorption of milk nutrients. Therefore, the addition of the homogenization stage in human milk processing could be an alternative to reduce fat retention in probes and to improve the lipids’ absorption in the body.

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