In Vitro Penetration of a Novel Oxaborole Antifungal (AN2690) Into the Human Nail Plate

2007 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 2622-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Hui ◽  
Stephen J. Baker ◽  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Sherry Barbadillo ◽  
Anne K. Cashmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nail Plate ◽  
Human Nail

In vitro permeation of several drugs through the human nail plate: relationship between physicochemical properties and nail permeability of drugs

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kobayashi ◽  
Tsunehisa Komatsu ◽  
Machiko Sumi ◽  
Sachihiko Numajiri ◽  
Misao Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Human Nail ◽  
In Vitro Permeation

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation of Additive Manufacture to Fabricate Human Nail Plate Surrogates for Pharmaceutical Testing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Bruno C. Sil ◽  
Avnish Patel ◽  
Jonathan M. Crowther ◽  
David J. Moore ◽  
Jonathan Hadgraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Human Nail ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In vitro permeation studies using nail clippings or nail plates are commonly used in the development of transungual formulations. However, there are ethical, safety and cost issues associated with sourcing such tissues. Herein, we describe a preliminary approach is described for the design and manufacture of a human nail model surrogate based on 3D printing. To evaluate these 3D printed constructs, nails were mounted in conventional glass Franz cells and a commercial antifungal lacquer formulation containing ciclopirox olamine was applied daily to the surrogate printed surfaces for a period of 14 days. On days 8 and 14, the surfaces of the 3D printed nails were washed with ethanol to remove excess formulation. Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) was used to profile the drug in the 3D printed nail. At the end of the Franz cell studies, no drug was observed in the receptor phase. CRS studies confirmed penetration of the active into the model nails with reproducible depth profiles. Our ongoing work is focused on synthesising commercial and non-commercial printable resins that can replicate the physical and chemical characteristics of the human nail. This will allow further evaluation of actives for ungual therapy and advance the development of the surrogate nail tissue model.

scholarly journals Ciclopirox and Efinaconazole Transungual Permeation, Antifungal Activity, and Proficiency To Induce Resistance in Trichophyton rubrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Monti ◽  
Diletta Mazzantini ◽  
Silvia Tampucci ◽  
Alessandra Vecchione ◽  
Francesco Celandroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Antimycotic Activity ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection, mostly caused by dermatophytes. The treatment efficacy is impaired by difficulties of reaching effective drug levels at the site of infection; frequent relapses occur after cessation of antifungal therapy. The aim of the study was to compare two commercial products containing ciclopirox or efinaconazole for antimycotic activity and antifungal drug resistance. A study of permeation and penetration through bovine hoof membranes, as a nail model, was performed to evaluate the antimycotic activity of permeates against clinical isolates of selected fungi, and the frequency of spontaneous in vitro Trichophyton rubrum-resistant strains was assessed by broth microdilution assays. The results suggest that ciclopirox creates a depot in the nail, leading to a gradual release of the drug over time with action on both the nail plate and bed. Conversely, efinaconazole, mildly interacting with nail keratin, mainly exerts its antifungal activity in the nail bed. However, in the case of T. rubrum, the antifungal activities of the drugs in the nail plate seem comparable. Finally, efinaconazole showed a potential for induction of resistance in T. rubrum, which may limit its efficacy over time. Ciclopirox did not show any potential to induce resistance in T. rubrum and appears endowed with a more complete activity than efinaconazole in the management of onychomycosis as the nail keratin is a substrate for the growth of fungal cells, and the availability of drug in large concentration just in the nail bed may not be sufficient to guarantee the complete eradication of pathogens.

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