Agronomic effectiveness of rock phosphate combined with nitrogen sources in spot application: A pot experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael V. Valadares ◽  
Reinaldo B. Cantarutti ◽  
Edson M. Mattiello ◽  
Rogério F. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness

Efficacy of phosphate solubilizing Actinobacteria to improve rock phosphate agronomic effectiveness and plant growth promotion

Rhizosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 100284
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Soumare ◽  
Kenza Boubekri ◽  
Karim Lyamlouli ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi ◽  
Yedir Ouhdouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Az algériai nyersfoszfát és a szuperfoszfát hatásának vizsgálata

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Osztoics ◽  
Péter Csathó ◽  
László Radimszky
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
By Products

The effect of increasing rates of superphosphate manufactured from Kola apatite, marketed in Hungary in the early 90s, and basic rock phosphate from Algeria on the Cd, Cr, Sr, Mn, Ni, Al, Co and Mo concentrations in the grain and by-products of spring barley was investigated in a pot experiment involving three acidic soils from Hungary and one each from Slovakia, Romania and Algeria. The rock phosphate used in the pot experiment contained three times as much Cd and twice as much Cr as is currently permitted in Hungary. Nevertheless, neither of these elements could be detected in the grain yield of barley. The chromium content in the by-products was also below the detection limit in all the treatments on less acidic soils. Even on extremely acidic soils there was only a detectable concentration of chromium in treatments where the development of spring barley was severely retarded. Cadmium, however, was detectable in the by-products on all the soils, in a concentration that depended primarily on the properties of the initial soils and the rock phosphate rates applied. Cobalt could not be detected in the grain yield on any of the soils, and nickel only on extremely acidic brown forest soil with alternating thin layers of clay in treatments where the underdeveloped plants produced a very low grain yield. In the by-products nickel, like chromium, was only present in detectable quantities in the underdeveloped plants growing on extremely acidic soils. On the latter soils cobalt was detected in the by-products in all the treatments, but in healthy plants its concentration was an order of magnitude lower than in retarded plants. Molybdenum was only detected in the grain yield of spring barley on weakly acidic soils, but was present in the by-products on all soils in treatments where healthy plants of spring barley developed. Manganese, aluminium and strontium were found in detectable quantities in plants in all the treatments on all the soils. On the majority of soils the concentration in the by-products was an order of magnitude higher than in the grain. Naturally the plant concentrations of the various elements were influenced by the quantities introduced into the soil with the P fertilizer (Sr, Cd) and by the extent to which the pH changed as the result of the P fertilizer (Cr, Co, Ni, Mo, Cd, Mn and Al). The Ni, Co, Cr, Al and Mn concentrations of the retarded plants growing on extremely acidic soils was several times higher than that of healthy plants (Treatments 9-12). On such soils the rates of basic rock phosphate applied in these treatments served not only as P fertilizer but also as liming agents, exerting a favourable effect by reducing the acidity of the soil and thus the availability of the potentially toxic elements. In agreement with observations found in the literature, the results of the pot experiment on spring barley indicated that heavy metals and potentially toxic elements were accumulated in the vegetative organs of barley, rather than in the grain yield. On soils where the lower pH caused by P treatment increased the availability of potentially toxic elements, plant concentrations were higher, emergence was poor, the plants were retarded and no grain yield was produced. These results provide an indication of the processes to be expected when soils become more acidic.

scholarly journals Calcium chloride extractable cadmium as an estimate of cadmium uptake by subterranean clover

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Whitten ◽  
GSP Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
The Past

Cadmium (Cd) may accumulate in soils which have been regularly fertilized with phosphate fertilizers which contain Cd originating in rock phosphate. Soil was taken from three sites in the wheatbelt of Western Australia which were estimated to have received different amounts of phosphate fertilizer over the past decade. The pH was adjusted with dilute HCl or CaCO3. No Cd was added experimentally. The concentration of Cd in the whole tops of Trifolium subterraneum cv Mt Barker grown in a glasshouse pot experiment increased from 0-2-0.8 �g g-1 dry wt at pH 6 -6-6.9 (1:50-01 M CaCl2) to 2-4 �g g-1 at pH 4.1-4.2. The highest concentration of Cd in the plant tops at any particular pH occurred on the soil which had the highest concentration of P in the CaCl2 extract. There was a linear relationship between the concentration of Cd in the whole tops of sub-clover and the concentration of Cd in the CaCl2 extracts which was independent of site. The concentration of Cd in the CaCl2 extracts was a function of pH and concentration of P in the CaCl2 extract.

A comparison of values for initial and residual effectiveness of rock phosphates measured in pot and field experiments

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Weatherley ◽  
MDA Bolland ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

The effectiveness of Calciphos (500�C calcined calcium-aluminium C-grade rock phosphate from Christmas Island), Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate substituted apatite, from Duchess deposit, Northern Queensland [QRP]), and granular North Carolina rock phosphate (highly carbonate substituted apatite from U.S.A. [NCRP]) were compared with the effectiveness of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) fertilisers in pot and field experiments. Three different lateritic soils from south-western Australia and different plant species were used. In the pot experiment, the effectiveness of the fertilisers was measured relative to freshly applied MCP for 5 successive crops. Subterranean clover, oats, triticale and barley were grown for about 1 month before harvesting. In the field experiment, the same plants were grown, and the effectiveness of the fertilisers was measured relative to freshly applied triple superphosphate for 3 successive years. On a dry matter yield basis, the effects of freshly applied rock phosphate dressings measured in the pot experiment were in a similar range to those measured in the field experiment for the same soil types, and the same plant species, indicating that pot trials can substitute for field trials for the evaluation of the initial effectiveness of fertilisers. However, the residual effectiveness values for both MCP and the RPs were generally much lower for the pot experiment, indicating that pot experiments cannot replace long-term field experiments for the reliable measurement of residual effectiveness of fertilisers. For the pot experiment, the relative effectiveness values of freshly applied NCRP and Calciphos for all soils were 0.2-0.3 and 0.1-0.2 respectively. The corresponding values for the field experiment were 0.1-0.3 for NCRP and 0.1 for Calciphos. For the pot experiment, the relative effectiveness of freshly applied QRP on all soils ranged from 0.03 to 0.1, compared with from 0.1 to 0.3 for the field experiment. The relative effectiveness of all fertilisers declined markedly with successive crops (i.e. crops 2-5) in the pot experiment, whereas in the field experiment the relative effectiveness of QRP and NCRP showed no systematic change for the 3-years of the experiment. For the pot experiment the relative effectiveness of residual MCP decreased to about 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1, compared with 0.5, 0.2 and 0.5 for the field experiment for West Dale, South Bodallin and Gibson soils, respectively. For the pot experiment and for all soils the residual relative effectiveness of NCRP and Calciphos was about 0.01- 0.04, compared with 0.003-0.02 for QRP. For the field experiment the corresponding values were 0.05-0.2 for NCRP and Calciphos and 0.01-0.1 for QRP. For both the pot and the field experiments the relationship between yield and phosphorus content was sometimes dependent on fertiliser type.

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