Ability of various water-insoluble fertilizers to supply available phosphorus in hydroponics to plant species with diverse phosphorus-acquisition efficiency: Involvement of organic acid accumulation in plant tissues and root exudates

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Erro ◽  
Angel Ma Zamarreño ◽  
Jose Ma García-Mina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition ◽  
Acid Accumulation

scholarly journals Metabolism and root exudation of organic acid anions under aluminium stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Mariano ◽  
Renato A. Jorge ◽  
Willem G. Keltjens ◽  
Marcelo Menossi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Genetically Modified Plants ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Al Stress

Numerous plant species can release organic acid anions (OA) from their roots in response to toxic aluminium (Al) ions present in the rooting medium. Hypothetically OA complex Al in the root apoplast and/or rhizosphere and thus avoid its interaction with root cellular components and its entry in the root symplast. Two temporal patterns of root OA exudation are observed. In pattern I, OA release is rapidly activated after the contact of the root with Al ions while in pattern II there is a lag phase between the addition of Al and the beginning of OA release. Compounds other than OA have been detected in root exudates and are also correlated with Al resistance in plants. Plant species like buckwheat and tea show mechanisms of Al tolerance, which confer them the capacity to inactivate and store Al internally in the leaves. Disturbances in metabolic pathways induced by Al are still obscure and their relation to the altered OA concentration observed in roots under Al stress is not yet established. High concentrations of OA in roots do not always lead to high rates of OA release even when the spatial distribution of these two characteristics along the root axis is taken into account. Al induces high permeability to OA in young root cells and anion channels located in the cell membrane have been proposed to mediate the transport of OA to outside the cell. Genetically modified plants that overexpress genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of OA as well as in Al toxicity events at the cell level have been generated. In most cases the transformations resulted in an improved ability of the plant to cope with Al stress. These promising findings reinforce the possibility of engineering plants with superior resistance to Al-toxic acid soils. The environmental impact of the large amounts of root exudates possibly conferred by these genetically modified plants is discussed, with special emphasis on soil microbiota.

Kinetic analysis of red pigment and citrinin production by Monascus ruber as a function of organic acid accumulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hajjaj ◽  
Philippe Blanc ◽  
Evelyne Groussac ◽  
Jean-Louis Uribelarrea ◽  
Gérard Goma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Monascus Ruber ◽  
Acid Accumulation

scholarly journals How long should the fully hillside-closed forest protection be implemented on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China?

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hou ◽  
Sijia Hou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Natural Forest Protection Program

Background Restoration of degraded forest ecosystem is crucial for regional sustainable development. To protect the country’s fragile and fragmented environment, the Chinese government initiated an ecological engineering project, the Natural Forest Protection Program, in seventeen provinces in China beginning in 1998. Fully hillside-closed forest protection (vegetation restoration naturally without any artificial disturbance) was one of vital measures of the Natural Forest Protection Program applied nation wide. Whether plant diversity, biomass and age structure of dominant tree species and soil nutrients in protected stands may become better with increase of protected period are still open problems. Methods We investigated community diversity, biomass of dominant tree species, age structures, and analyzed soil chemical properties of a Pinus tabulaeformis population at protected sites representing different protected ages at Huanglongshan Forest Bureau on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China. Results Plant species richness of Pinus tabulaeformis community was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by forest protection and the effect attenuated with protection age. Shannon evenness index of plant species generally increased with protection age. Stands protected for 45 years had the highest tree biomass and considerable natural regeneration capacity. Contents of organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium in top soil increased in protected stands less than 45 years, however decreased significantly thereafter. Long-term forest protection also decreased the content of mineral nitrogen in top soil. Discussion We found that the richness of shrubs and herbs was significantly affected by forest protection, and evenness indices of tree, shrub and herb increased inconsistently with protected ages. Forest protection created more complex age structures and tree densities with increasing age of protection. Content of soil mineral nitrogen at 0–20 cm soil depth showed a decreasing trend in stands of up to 30 years. Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were higher in stands with greater proportions of big and medium trees. Long-term protection (>45 years) of Pinus tabulaeformis stands in southeast Loess Plateau, China, may be associated with decreasing plant species richness, proportion of medium to large trees, dominant biomass of Pinus tabulaeformis and soil nutrients.

scholarly journals Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10053
Author(s):  
Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Atonaltzin García-Jiménez ◽  
Hugo Fernando Escobar-Sepúlveda ◽  
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Silico Analysis

Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.

scholarly journals Interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms facilitates the expansion of poisonous plant species in degraded grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyin Wang ◽  
Tianhua Jia ◽  
Tianyun Qi ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Degen A.Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
Poisonous Plant ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Degraded Grassland

Abstract Background The interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and rhizosphere exudates is considered a ‘novel weapon’ for poisonous plants’ colonization, but the relationship between them in facilitating the expansion of poisonous plants in degraded or barren land is poorly understood. We examined this relationship in different degradation levels of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan plateau (3,700 m a.s.l) by determining the composition of root exudates, soil physical and chemical properties, rhizosphere microbial diversity and carbon metabolism of the main poisonous and non-poisonous plant species. Results Soil nutrients, including total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous, diversity of microorganisms and microbial carbon metabolism were greater in the rhizosphere of poisonous than in non-poisonous plant species (P < 0.05). The distribution of bacteria and root exudates were plant species specific. Soil microbial communities were affected by habitat and plant species in degraded grassland, and more so for bacteria than fungi. The cell growth and death pathway for the poisonous species Ligularia virgaurea was greater than for other poisonous species (P < 0.05), and the difference increased with an increase in grassland degradation and a decrease in soil nutrients (P < 0.05), which could explain how L. virgaurea became the dominant poisonous species in degraded alpine grassland. The roots of L. virgaurea exudated such compounds as alkaloids, lupinic acid, terpenes, artemisinin, and coumarin, which were correlated positively with different bacteria in different habitats. Conclusion It was concluded that poisonous plant species adapted to degraded grassland through the interaction of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which facilitated their expansion in degraded alpine grassland.

scholarly journals How long should the fully hillside-closed forest protection be implemented on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hou ◽  
Sijia Hou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Natural Forest Protection Program

Background. Restoration of degraded forest ecosystem is crucial for regional sustainable development. To protect the country’s fragile and fragmented environment, the Chinese government has initiated an ecological engineering, the Natural Forest Protection Program in seventeen provinces in China since 1998. Fully hillside-closed forest protection (vegetation restoration naturally without any artificial disturbance) was one of vital measures of the Natural Forest Protection Program applied national wide. Whether plant diversity, biomass and age structure of dominant tree species and soil nutrients in protected stands may become better with increase of protected period are still open problems. Methods. We investigated community diversity, biomass of dominant tree species, age structures, and analyzed soil chemical properties of a Pinus tabulaeformis population at protected sites representing different protected ages at Huanglongshan Forest Bureau on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi, China. Results. Plant species richness of Pinus tabulaeformis community was significantly affected (p<0.05) by forest protection and the effect attenuated with protection age.Shannon evenness index of plant species generally increased with protection age. Stands protected for 45 years had the highest tree biomass and considerable natural regeneration capacity. Contents of organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium in top soil increased in protected stands less than 45 years, however decreased significantly thereafter. Long-term forest protection also decreased content of mineral nitrogen in top soil. Discussion. We found that richness of shrubs and herbs was significantly affected by forest protection, and evenness indices of tree, shrub and herb increased inconsistently with protected ages. Forest protection created more complex age structures and tree densities with increasing age of protection. Content of soil mineral nitrogen at 0-20 cm soil depth showed a decreasing trend in stands of up to 30 years. Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were higher in stands with greater proportions of big and middle trees. Long-term protection (> 45 years) of Pinus tabulaeformisstand in southeast Loess Plateau, China, may be associated with decreasing plant species richness, proportion of medium to large trees, dominant biomass of Pinus tabulaeformis and soil nutrients.

scholarly journals AMa10gene encoding P-type ATPase is involved in fruit organic acid accumulation in apple

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiquan Ma ◽  
Liao Liao ◽  
Ting Fang ◽  
Qian Peng ◽  
Collins Ogutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
P Type
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