Modelling the role of Atlantic air-sea interaction in the impact of Madden-Julian Oscillation on South American climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Barreiro ◽  
Lina Sitz ◽  
Santiago de Mello ◽  
Ramon Fuentes Franco ◽  
Madeleine Renom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South American Climate

Orographic Influences on Subtropical Stratocumulus

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2585-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Richter ◽  
C. R. Mechoso
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
South American ◽  
Instability Mechanism ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Stratocumulus Clouds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of South American orography on subtropical stratocumulus clouds off the Peruvian coast is investigated in the context of an atmospheric general circulation model. It is found that stratocumulus incidence is significantly reduced when South American orography is removed. Key to this behavior is a decrease in lower tropospheric stability (LTS) that allows for more frequent stratocumulus destruction through the model’s cloud-top entrainment instability mechanism. The role of orography in enhancing Peruvian stratocumulus is as follows. Within the PBL, orography deflects the midlatitude westerly winds equatorward in association with cold air advection and blocking of the low-level flow from the continent. Above the PBL, the steep and high South American orography deflects a significant portion of the midlatitude westerlies equatorward. This flow sinks along the equatorward sloping isentropes, thus promoting subsidence. Both processes increase LTS over the stratocumulus region. In further AGCM experiments, the sensitivity of Peruvian stratocumulus to the use of unsmoothed orographic boundary conditions is assessed. The results show no significant differences to the control simulation, which uses smoothed orography. This suggests that, in the context of GCMs, a representation of South American orography more detailed than is generally used has little potential for improving the performance of coupled ocean–atmosphere models in the eastern tropical Pacific.

scholarly journals The Ancestry of Eastern Paraguay: A Typical South American Profile with a Unique Pattern of Admixture

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Filipa Simão ◽  
Julyana Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Vullo ◽  
Laura Catelli ◽  
Verónica Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iberian Region

Immigrants from diverse origins have arrived in Paraguay and produced important demographic changes in a territory initially inhabited by indigenous Guarani. Few studies have been performed to estimate the proportion of Native ancestry that is still preserved in Paraguay and the role of females and males in admixture processes. Therefore, 548 individuals from eastern Paraguay were genotyped for three marker sets: mtDNA, Y-SNPs and autosomal AIM-InDels. A genetic homogeneity was found between departments for each set of markers, supported by the demographic data collected, which showed that only 43% of the individuals have the same birthplace as their parents. The results show a sex-biased intermarriage, with higher maternal than paternal Native American ancestry. Within the native mtDNA lineages in Paraguay (87.2% of the total), most haplogroups have a broad distribution across the subcontinent, and only few are concentrated around the Paraná River basin. The frequency distribution of the European paternal lineages in Paraguay (92.2% of the total) showed a major contribution from the Iberian region. In addition to the remaining legacy of the colonial period, the joint analysis of the different types of markers included in this study revealed the impact of post-war migrations on the current genetic background of Paraguay.

scholarly journals Coping with Covid-19 in Argentina: earliest impact on everyday life and work

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Cecilia Zsögön
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
South American ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The North ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Health Event ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on the ongoing impact of Covid-19 pandemic in daily life in Argentina, highlighting the initial consequences of the quarantine established on March 20th in an attempt to control the outbreak. We focus on the perception of the role of political authorities, the media and the impact on habits in everyday life, which are being re-shaped in this new context. Online interviews were conducted in different cities of the North, Center and South of Argentina, including the capital, Buenos Aires. This is an exploratory analysis of an ongoing public health event whose consequences are presently far from clear, but its current contours have forced people to modify their daily routines, if not their lives. We highlight extreme reactions, ranging from “indifference” to “panic” or “selfishness” with “solidarity” emerging as the desirable and adequate response to the situation of “mandatory social isolation” or quarantine. Amid the uncertainty regarding the present and the future, novel contours emerge that account for the specificity of a South American country marked by recurrent economic and social crises throughout almost its entire history. Argentina was already struggling with financial difficulties, rising poverty and a fragile labour market characterized by high rates of unemployment and informality. This already delicate scenario was worsened by the sudden irruption of the first cases of Covid-19.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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