Functional neuroimaging of aversive taste-related areas in the alert rat revealed by positron emission tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Kobayashi ◽  
Yilong Cui ◽  
Takeo Sako ◽  
Tetsuya Sasabe ◽  
Naoko Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Alert Rat ◽  
Aversive Taste

Images of shadowing and interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Tommola ◽  
Matti Laine ◽  
Marianna Sunnari ◽  
Juha O. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Positron Emission

We begin by noting that, in addition to the more or less established trends of cognitive modelling and neurolinguistic or behavioural experimentation, a more recent orientation in research on interpreting (IR) as a complex cognitive process is functional neuroimaging. We then describe current brain imaging methods — electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy — and provide selected examples of their use in language processing and interpreting research, accompanied with brief evaluations of their applicability for IR. In spite of limitations related to invasiveness, temporal resolution, and experimental design, positron emission tomography (PET) is potentially the strongest tool for investigations of the neural substrates of ongoing interpreting performance. Finally, we describe what we believe is the first published study of speech shadowing and professional simultaneous interpreting using PET. Shadowing of the non-dominant language produces more extensive activations in the temporal cortex and motor regions than shadowing of the dominant language, which suggests that even in the simultaneous repetition task, the less automatized language recruits more neural resources. Simultaneous interpreting, whether into the dominant or into the non-dominant language, predominantly activates left-hemispheric structures. Activation patterns are, however, clearly modulated by the direction of interpreting, with more extensive activation during interpreting into the non-dominant language.

Biological Basis of Emotions: Brain Systems and Brain Development

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_E1) ◽  
pp. 1225-1229
Author(s):  
Harry T. Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography have made it possible to investigate brain metabolism noninvasively during development. Studies have revealed a dynamic period of metabolic maturation and neuronal growth corresponding to the processes of synaptic proliferation and pruning of unused pathways. This physiologic plasticity is believed to be the biological basis for a critical period of learning and emotional development.

Cochlear implants and positron emission tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 1200-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aggarwal ◽  
K M J Green
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractObjective:This review aimed to summarise present knowledge surrounding cochlear implants and neuroplasticity using positron emission tomography.Overview:Cochlear implants are an established device for severe sensorineural hearing loss. However, the outcomes following a cochlear implant are variable and unpredictable. Furthermore, despite increasing numbers of implantations taking place, there are still uncertainties regarding how individuals learn to process speech using an implant. Functional neuroimaging studies using techniques such as positron emission tomography provide an insight into the cortical changes that take place in patients with cochlear implants.Conclusion:Only when the underlying mechanisms responsible for speech processing in implantees are understood can appropriate rehabilitation for those with poor speech perception be provided and outcomes improved.

A Review of Functional Neuroimaging in Mood Disorders: Positron Emission Tomography and Depression

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H Kennedy ◽  
Mahan Javanmard ◽  
Franco J Vaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Activation Conditions

Objective: To examine the progress of positron emission tomography (PET) as a tool for understanding the psychobiology of mood disorders, particularly major depression and bipolar disorder. Method: Review of the literature on functional imaging of mood disorders. Results: Functional imaging techniques have been used in psychiatric research as a noninvasive method to study the behaviour and function of the brain. Techniques used so far have involved the manipulation of emotion in healthy volunteers, the evaluation of depressed (unipolar and bipolar as well as secondary depression), manic, and normal subjects under resting and various activation conditions, such as cognitive activation, acute pharmacological challenge, and chronic thymoleptic treatments. As a result, functional imaging studies tend to support abnormalities in specific frontal and limbic regions. Conclusion: Different PET methods demonstrate consistent abnormalities in the prefrontal, cingulate, and amygdala regions. These findings are in agreement with past animal and clinical anatomical correlates of mood and emotions.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Data: Exploratory versus Inferential Methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A136-A139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Data

In the following, various image processing and analytical techniques, whose efficiency has been demonstrated empirically by comparison with expert readings of hundreds of positron emission tomography (PET) studies, will be outlined briefly.

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