Early profiles of axonal growth and astroglial response after spinal cord hemisection and implantation of Schwann cell-seeded guidance channels in adult rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yu C. Hsu ◽  
Xiao-Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection ◽  
Guidance Channels

Serotonin2 receptors mediate respiratory recovery after cervical spinal cord hemisection in adult rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2665-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yi Zhou ◽  
Gregory J. Basura ◽  
Harry G. Goshgarian
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Respiratory Recovery ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection

The aim of the present study was to specifically investigate the involvement of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2)] receptors in 5-HT-mediated respiratory recovery after cervical hemisection. Experiments were conducted on C2 spinal cord-hemisected, anesthetized (chloral hydrate, 400 mg/kg ip), vagotomized, pancuronium- paralyzed, and artificially ventilated female Sprague-Dawley rats in which CO2 levels were monitored and maintained. Twenty-four hours after spinal hemisection, the ipsilateral phrenic nerve displayed no respiratory-related activity indicative of a functionally complete hemisection. Intravenous administration of the 5-HT2A/2C-receptor agonist (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) induced respiratory-related activity in the phrenic nerve ipsilateral to hemisection under conditions in which CO2 was maintained at constant levels and augmented the activity induced under conditions of hypercapnia. The effects of DOI were found to be dose dependent, and the recovery of activity could be maintained for up to 2 h after a single injection. DOI-induced recovery was attenuated by the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin but not with the 5-HT2C-receptor antagonist RS-102221, suggesting that 5-HT2A and not necessarily 5-HT2C receptors may be involved in the induction of respiratory recovery after cervical spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Hemisection Facilitates Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Cells to Produce Serotonin in the Subchronic but Not the Chronic Phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Azam ◽  
Jacob Wienecke ◽  
Dennis Bo Jensen ◽  
Aleena Azam ◽  
Mengliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Thoracic Level ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection

Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and noradrenalin, play an essential role in regulating the motor and sensory functions in the spinal cord. We have previously shown that in the rat spinal cord the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) cells to produce 5-HT from its precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) is dramatically increased following complete spinal cord transection. In this study, we investigated whether a partial loss of 5-HT innervation could similarly increase AADC activity. Adult rats with spinal cord hemisected at thoracic level (T11/T12) were used with a postoperation interval at 5 days or 60 days. Using immunohistochemistry, first, we observed a significant reduction in the density of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers in the spinal cord below the lesion on the injured side for both groups. Second, we found that the AADC cells were similarly expressed on both injured and uninjured sides in both groups. Third, increased production of 5-HT in AADC cells following 5-HTP was seen in 5-day but not in 60-day postinjury group. These results suggest that plastic changes of the 5-HT system might happen primarily in the subchronic phase and for longer period its function could be compensated by plastic changes of other intrinsic and/or supraspinal modulation systems.

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