Quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion parameters derived from whole-tumor volume for assessing pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyu Xu ◽  
Yanyan Xu ◽  
Hongliang Sun ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Kaining Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Pathological Complete Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy without Radiation for Rectal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
Suguru Hasegawa ◽  
Masazumi Zaima ◽  
Naoya Inoue ◽  
Yoshiharu Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Pathological Complete Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Grade 3

Aim: The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiation (NAC) in the treatment of rectal cancer remains unclear. This retrospective study was aimed at determining the pathological complete response rate and short-term outcomes of NAC in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: We collected data on 159 consecutive patients treated for rectal cancer (cT3/cT4a, cN+, and cM0 status) at five tertiary referral hospitals between 2005 and 2010. Pathological complete response (pCR) and safety were assessed as the main outcomes in 124 eligible patients comprising 15 who received NAC (NAC group) and 109 who received no neoadjuvant chemotherapy (non-NAC group). Results: In the NAC group, 2 patients (13.3%) achieved a pCR (95% confidence interval: 1.7-40.5%) and 3 patients (20%) experienced grade 3/4 adverse events. No significant differences were found between the NAC and non-NAC groups in terms of short-term outcomes, including R0 proportion (100 vs. 96.3%, p = 0.45) and postoperative grade 3/4 complications (13.3 vs. 18.4%, p = 0.63). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy without radiation appears to be safe, without worsening short-term outcomes, in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. A further study is needed to verify these findings in larger samples.

scholarly journals Pathological complete response after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: Capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil? Which is better?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. v85
Author(s):  
X. Hernández-Yagüe ◽  
E. Canals-Subirats ◽  
G. Mateu Esquerda ◽  
C. Auñón Sanz ◽  
A. Maroto Genover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Pathological Complete Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

scholarly journals Pathological Complete Response Following Different Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 4319-4336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hoendervangers ◽  
J. P. M. Burbach ◽  
M. M. Lacle ◽  
M. Koopman ◽  
W. M. U. van Grevenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Pathological Complete Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Abstract Background Pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is associated with better survival, less local recurrence, and less distant failure. Furthermore, pCR indicates that the rectum may have been preserved. This meta-analysis gives an overview of available neoadjuvant treatment strategies for LARC and analyzes how these perform in achieving pCR as compared with the standard of care. Methods Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central bibliographic databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials in which patients received neoadjuvant treatment for MRI-staged nonmetastatic resectable LARC were included. The primary outcome was pCR, defined as ypT0N0. A meta-analysis of studies comparing an intervention with standard fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiation (CRT) was performed. Results Of the 17 articles included in the systematic review, 11 were used for the meta-analysis. Addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine-based CRT resulted in significantly more pCR compared with fluoropyrimidine-based CRT only (OR 1.46), but at the expense of more ≥ grade 3 toxicity. Other treatment strategies, including consolidation/induction chemotherapy and short-course radiotherapy (SCRT), did not improve pCR rates. None of the included trials reported a benefit in local control or OS. Five-year DFS was significantly worse after SCRT-delay compared with CRT (59% vs. 75.1%, HR 1.93). Conclusions All included trials fail to deliver high-level evidence to show an improvement in pCR compared with standard fluoropyrimidine-based CRT. The addition of oxaliplatin might result in more pCR but at the expense of more toxicity. Furthermore, this benefit does not translate into less local recurrence or improved survival.

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