Effect of prevention of lung inflation on metamorphosis and respiration in the developing bullfrog tadpole,Rana catesbeiana

2006 ◽  
Vol 305A (4) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gdovin ◽  
Vonnie V. Jackson ◽  
Debora A. Zamora ◽  
James C. Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Bullfrog Tadpole

The respiratory importance of vascularization of the tadpole operculum in Rana catesbeiana Shaw

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Gradwell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Bullfrog Tadpole ◽  
Anuran Tadpole ◽  
First Time ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Capillary densities in the opercular membrane of the bullfrog tadpole are consistent with the postulate that this membrane has the respiratory function of increasing the surface area for blood ventilation. The arteries and veins of the opercular membrane are mapped and identified for the first time in an anuran tadpole.

Effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial solute and water transport properties

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1498-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kim ◽  
E. D. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

Paired hollow bullfrog lungs (Rana catesbeiana) were used to study the effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial transport of water and hydrophilic solutes. Frogs were double pithed and the lungs were removed after bronchial placement of a Lucite plug. Three openings in the plug accommodated the insertion of two agar-Ringer bridges (for electrical potential measurement and passage of direct current) and the injection and removal of alveolar bathing fluid. Ringer solution containing a tracer quantity of radioactive solute was instilled into the lung sacs (5 ml or 50 ml) and the lungs were suspended in baths of Ringer solution containng appropriate cold solutes (5 mM). Permeability properties of each solute (and water) were determined from the rate of radiotracer concentration change in the bath. The spontaneous potential difference, tissue resistance, and solute permeability properties determined in these experiments showed no significant differences between the 5- and 50-ml lungs. Assuming homogeneous, cylindrical water-filled pores to be present in the tissue, the equivalent pore radii estimated from the rates of solute and water fluxes were 1.1 (for 5-ml lungs) and 0.9 nm (for 50-ml lungs). After overinflation of the lung (to greater than 80 ml), experiments at 50 ml yielded a pore radius of 3.4 nm. These data suggest that passive alveolar epithelial transport properties do not change with degrees of lung inflation normally encountered in vivo but that overinflation can lead to increased leakiness of the barrier.

Gill irrigation in Rana catesbeiana. Part II. On the musculoskeletal mechanism

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Gradwell
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Gill Cavity ◽  
Initial Depression ◽  
Bullfrog Tadpole ◽  
Narrow Opening

The jaw and hyoidean movements and the activity of certain of the muscles which cause these movements have been correlated with hydrostatic pressures in the irrigation system of the bullfrog tadpole. The jaws are capable of three modes of expression: narrow opening, wide opening, and protrusion. During inspiration the initial depression of the buccal floor is passive; active depression occurs near the end of the inspiration phase.Water flows continuously from the gill cavity and is most effusive at the onset of inspiration. Intermittent variations in the amplitude of irrigation result from natural and experimental irritation of the gill cavity. These variations, or hyperirrigations, are correlated with the activity of special muscle fibers, called fibrillic fibers, in the H1c, H2a, H3a, and B4 muscles. The respective contributions to rhythmic irrigation of the alternating buccal and pharyngeal pumps depend on ambient temperature. An auxiliary branchial force pump behind the gill clefts is powered by the H3a muscle in the soft opercular skin.

scholarly journals The effect of hydrocortisone on limb regeneration in the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Judith S. Weis ◽  
Larry P. Bleier
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Rapid Healing ◽  
Bullfrog Tadpole ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Cut Surface

Tadpoles of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana lose the ability to regenerate limbs amputated through the femur at a very early stage in development. Well-differentiated limbs which in other species can regenerate if amputated through the ankle, cannot in this species. Non-regenerating tadpole limbs either show rapid healing of the cut surface by connective tissue with no breakdown of skeletal structures, or the beginning of dedifferentiation in the cartilage. However, the cells of the rudimentary blastema that forms do not undergo proliferation; instead they become separated from the epidermis by the regrowth of the connective tissue layer which acts as a block to regeneration. This condition, termed the critical stage, is reached more often by animals that received injections of hydrocortisone than by control animals. Experimental animals furthermore, produced larger blastemata. No advanced regeneration could be obtained however.

THE effects of tonic lung inflation on ventilation in the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Shaw

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (15) ◽  
pp. 2647-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Sanders ◽  
William K. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lung Deflation ◽  
Neural Discharge

SUMMARY This study was designed to determine whether lung inflation stimulates or inhibits breathing in frogs by examining the effect of tonic lung inflation on the ‘fictive’ breathing pattern of decerebrate, unidirectionally ventilated bullfrogs. Neural discharge was monitored in the trigeminal nerve as an indication of the frequency and force of contraction of the buccal pump, and in the laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve as an indication of glottal opening, and hence fictive lung ventilation. Based on the temporal coordination of discharge in the trigeminal and vagus nerves during naturally occurring breaths it was possible to characterize the fictive breaths as inflation, deflation or balanced breaths. Increasing lung inflation increased absolute breathing frequency by reducing the duration of apnea between breaths and promoting a change in breathing pattern from no breathing to single breaths, breathing episodes and, finally, to continuous breathing. Associated with this was a decrease in the amplitude and area of the integrated trigeminal electroneurogram associated with the lung breaths, indicative of a reduction in the force of the buccal pump, and a shift in the timing of the trigeminal and vagal discharge, indicative of a shift from inflation to deflation breaths. Taken together the data suggest that lung deflation produces infrequent, large-amplitude inflation breaths or cycles, but that progressive lung inflation changes the breathing pattern to one of high-frequency attempts to deflate the lungs that are largely passive, and accompanied by contractions of the buccal pump that are no larger than those associated with normal buccal oscillations.

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