scholarly journals Concurrent identity training is not necessary for associative symmetry in successive matching

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Cursi Campos ◽  
Peter J. Urcuioli ◽  
Melissa Swisher
Keyword(s):  
Associative Symmetry

scholarly journals Associative symmetry and memory theory

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Memory Theory ◽  
Associative Symmetry

scholarly journals The effect of semantic relatedness on associative asymmetry in memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vencislav Popov ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Griffin Koch ◽  
Regina Calloway ◽  
Marc N Coutanche
Keyword(s):  
Recall Test ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Associative Symmetry ◽  
Single List ◽  
Symmetry Hypothesis ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Holistic Representation

We provide new evidence concerning two opposing views of episodic associations: The independent associations hypothesis (IAH) posits that associations are unidirectional and separately modifiable links (A→B and A←B); the associative symmetry hypothesis (ASH), to the contrary, considers the association to be a holistic conjunction of A and B representations. While existing literature focuses on tests that compare the equality and correlation of forward and backward associations and favors ASH over IAH, we provide the first direct evidence of IAH by showing that forward and backward associations are separately modifiable for semantically related pairs. In two experiments, participants studied 30 semantically unrelated and 30 semantically related pairs intermixed in a single list, and then performed a series of up to eight cued-recall test cycles. All pairs were tested in each cycle, and the testing direction (A-? or B-?) alternated between cycles. Consistent with prior research, unrelated pairs exhibited associative symmetry – accuracy and response times improved gradually on each test, suggesting that testing in both directions strengthened the same association. In contrast, semantically related pairs exhibited a stair-like pattern, where performance did not change from odd to even tests when the test direction changed; it only improved between tests of the same direction. We conclude that episodic associations can have either a holistic representation (ASH) or separate directional representations (IAH), depending on the semantic relatedness of their constituent items.

Associative symmetry and second-language learning.

1972 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Horowitz ◽  
Alice M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Associative Symmetry

scholarly journals Associative symmetry as measured in the B-Ar paradigm: A stage analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Richard C. Ney ◽  
Robert L. Solso
Keyword(s):  
Associative Symmetry ◽  
Stage Analysis

Associative Asymmetry in S-R vs R-S Recall of Double-Function Lists

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Battig ◽  
R. J. Koppenaal
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Response Term ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Associative Symmetry ◽  
Formal Identity ◽  
Double Function ◽  
Major Shortcoming

Contrary to the Asch-Ebenholtz principle of associative symmetry, significantly poorer backward (R–S) than forward (S–R) recall was demonstrated following the learning of double-function paired-associate lists, wherein each item appears once as a stimulus and again as a response term but is paired with two different other terms. Since equal availability of stimulus and response terms is guaranteed by the formal identity of the two sets within these double-function lists, thereby eliminating a major shortcoming of previous attempts to test the Asch-Ebenholtz thesis that S–R and R–S associations within each pair are necessarily equivalent in strength, the present results offer strong evidence against the validity of the principle of associative symmetry as applied to paired-associate learning.

Asch and Ebenholtz Revisited: A Test of the Doctrine of Associative Symmetry

1977 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Epstein ◽  
Cynthia A. Szymanski ◽  
Susan Z. Daggett
Keyword(s):  
Associative Symmetry

Associative symmetry of the memory for object–location associations as revealed by the testing effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Sommer ◽  
Eszter Schoell ◽  
Christian Büchel
Keyword(s):  
Testing Effect ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Associative Symmetry

Associative symmetry vs. independent associations

2000 ◽  
Vol 32-33 ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Rizzuto ◽  
Michael J. Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Associative Symmetry
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