scholarly journals Similar stimulus features control visual classification in orangutans and rhesus monkeys

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. L. Diamond ◽  
Tara S. Stoinski ◽  
Jennifer L. Mickelberg ◽  
Benjamin M. Basile ◽  
Regina Paxton Gazes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Similar Stimulus ◽  
Visual Classification ◽  
Stimulus Features

scholarly journals Learning excitatory-inhibitory neuronal assemblies in recurrent networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Mackwood ◽  
Laura B. Naumann ◽  
Henning Sprekeler
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Similar Stimulus ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Circuit Structure ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Synaptic Circuitry ◽  
Activity Dependent

AbstractIn sensory circuits with poor feature topography, stimulus-specific feedback inhibition necessitates carefully tuned synaptic circuitry. Recent experimental data from mouse primary visual cortex (V1) show that synapses between pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory interneurons tend to be stronger for neurons that respond to similar stimulus features. The mechanism that underlies the formation of such excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) assemblies is unresolved. Here, we show that activity-dependent synaptic plasticity on input and output synapses of PV interneurons generates a circuit structure that is consistent with mouse V1. Using a computational model, we show that both forms of plasticity must act synergistically to form the observed E/I assemblies. Once established, these assemblies produce a stimulus-specific competition between pyramidal neurons. Our model suggests that activity-dependent plasticity can enable inhibitory circuits to actively shape cortical computations.

scholarly journals Learning excitatory-inhibitory neuronal assemblies in recurrent networks

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Mackwood ◽  
Laura B Naumann ◽  
Henning Sprekeler
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Similar Stimulus ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Neuronal Assemblies ◽  
Circuit Structure ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the connectivity observed in the brain and how it emerges from local plasticity rules is a grand challenge in modern neuroscience. In the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice, synapses between excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons tend to be stronger for neurons that respond to similar stimulus features, although these neurons are not topographically arranged according to their stimulus preference. The presence of such excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) neuronal assemblies indicates a stimulus-specific form of feedback inhibition. Here, we show that activity-dependent synaptic plasticity on input and output synapses of PV interneurons generates a circuit structure that is consistent with mouse V1. Computational modeling reveals that both forms of plasticity must act in synergy to form the observed E/I assemblies. Once established, these assemblies produce a stimulus-specific competition between pyramidal neurons. Our model suggests that activity-dependent plasticity can refine inhibitory circuits to actively shape cortical computations.

scholarly journals Edge orientation signals in tactile afferents of macaques

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 2647-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesha K. Suresh ◽  
Hannes P. Saal ◽  
Sliman J. Bensmaia
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Edge Orientation ◽  
Temporal Profile ◽  
Orientation Information ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Putative Mechanism

The orientation of edges indented into the skin has been shown to be encoded in the responses of neurons in primary somatosensory cortex in a manner that draws remarkable analogies to their counterparts in primary visual cortex. According to the classical view, orientation tuning arises from the integration of untuned input from thalamic neurons with aligned but spatially displaced receptive fields (RFs). In a recent microneurography study with human subjects, the precise temporal structure of the responses of individual mechanoreceptive afferents to scanned edges was found to carry information about their orientation. This putative mechanism could in principle contribute to or complement the classical rate-based code for orientation. In the present study, we further examine orientation information carried by mechanoreceptive afferents of Rhesus monkeys. To this end, we record the activity evoked in cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents when edges are indented into or scanned across the skin. First, we confirm that information about the edge orientation can be extracted from the temporal patterning in afferent responses of monkeys, as is the case in humans. Second, we find that while the coarse temporal profile of the response can be predicted linearly from the layout of the RF, the fine temporal profile cannot. Finally, we show that orientation signals in tactile afferents are often highly dependent on stimulus features other than orientation, which complicates putative decoding strategies. We discuss the challenges associated with establishing a neural code at the somatosensory periphery, where afferents are exquisitely sensitive and nearly deterministic.

The Growth of Herpesvirus mulatto in Human Fibroblast

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Glennelle Washington ◽  
Philip P. McGrath ◽  
Peter R. Graze ◽  
Ivor Royston
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Herpes-like viruses were isolated from rhesus monkey peripheral blood leucocytes when co-cultivated with WI-38 cells. The virus was originally designated rhesus leucocyte-associated herpesvirus (LAHV) and subsequently called Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM). The original isolations were from juvenile rhesus monkeys shown to be free of antibody to rhesus cytomegalic virus. The virus could only be propagated in human or simian fibroblasts. Use of specific antisera developed from HVM showed no relationship between this virus and other herpesviruses. An electron microscopic study was undertaken to determine the morphology of Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM) in infected human fibroblasts.

Nucleolar Segregation and Chronic Methanol Intoxication

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Julio H. Garcia ◽  
Janice P. Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Methanol Intoxication ◽  
Intragastric Tube ◽  
Nucleolar Segregation

Repeated administration of methyl alcohol to Rhesus monkeys (Maccaca mulata) by intragastric tube resulted in ultrastructural abnormalities of hepatocytes, which persisted in one animal twelve weeks after discontinuation of the methyl alcohol regime. With dosages ranging between 3.0 to 6.0 gms. of methanol per kg. of body weight, the serum levels attained within a few hours averaged approximately 475 mg. per cent.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

Cocaine impairs follicular phase pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in rhesus monkeys

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93A-93A
Author(s):  
E CHEN ◽  
M LUTHER ◽  
A MORENO ◽  
T KING ◽  
R SCHENKEN
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion

Tumorigenesis in High-Dose Total Body Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys--A Life Span Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel F. Hollander ◽  
Chris Zurcher ◽  
Johan J. Broerse
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Total Body
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