Aluminum chloride‐catalyzed conversion of levulinic acid to methyl levulinate: optimization and kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251-2260
Author(s):  
Yanli Xu ◽  
Pengkun Guo ◽  
Chun Chang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Shiqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Methyl Levulinate

Catalytic oxidative C–C bond cleavage route of levulinic acid and methyl levulinate

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (76) ◽  
pp. 72744-72749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xia ◽  
Zhongtian Du ◽  
Junxia Liu ◽  
Yangyang Ma ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Oxidative Cleavage ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
The Difference

The difference in the catalytic oxidative cleavage route between levulinic acid and methyl levulinate was intensively investigated.

scholarly journals Chemoselective hydrogenation of arenes by PVP supported Rh nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (48) ◽  
pp. 19368-19373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽  
Raju Poreddy ◽  
Karine Philippot ◽  
Anders Riisager ◽  
Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Organometallic Complex ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
Chemoselective Hydrogenation

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Rh nanoparticles (RhNPs/PVP) of ca. 2.2 nm in size were prepared by the hydrogenation of the organometallic complex [Rh(η3-C3H5)3] in the presence of PVP and evaluated as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of a series of arene substrates as well as levulinic acid and methyl levulinate.

ESTERIFICATION OF RENEWABLE LEVULINIC ACID TO LEVULINATE ESTERS USING AMBERLYST-15 AS A SOLID ACID CATALYST

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli ◽  
Nur Hidayah Zaharudin ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
Exchange Resins

Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile biomass-derived building block as it can be used for the synthesis of organic chemicals as alternative to the depleting fossil fuel resources. Levulinate esters, obtained from catalytic esterification of LA with alcohol, can be used in many applications such as fragrance and fuel additives. In this study, ion-exchange resins Amberlyst-15 was employed as solid acid catalyst for esterification of LA with methanol for methyl levulinate (ML) production. The effect of reaction time, catalyst loading, and molar ratio of LA to methanol, was investigated on LA esterification to ML at the reflux condition. The optimum ML yield of 82% was obtained from reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 5h, using 30% of Amberlyst-15 loading, and 1:20 of LA to methanol molar ratio. The reusability of Amberlyst-15 for ML production was examined for five successive reactions. In addition, Amberlyst-15 catalyst, employed in the esterification of LA with ethanol and 1-butanol for ethyl levulinate (EL) and butyl levulinate (BL), respectively, registered good performance. Yields of 71% and 55% have been obtained for EL and BL, respectively. Amberlyst-15 is a promising solid acid catalyst for production of biomass derived levulinate esters at mild process conditions. 

Biocatalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to methyl levulinate in green solvents

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Di ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Junying Fu ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Zhongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Methyl Levulinate

Maleic acid and aluminum chloride catalyzed conversion of glucose to 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural and levulinic acid in aqueous media

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 5219-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximing Zhang ◽  
Priya Murria ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Weihua Xiao ◽  
Hilkka I. Kenttämaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural

Maleic acid (MA) and AlCl3 self-assemble into catalytic complexes (Al–(MA)2–(OH)2(aq)) with improved selectivity for converting glucose to HMF, and levulinic acid.

Solvent-free transesterification of methyl levulinate and esterification of levulinic acid catalyzed by a homogeneous iron(III) dimer complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 110777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Melchiorre ◽  
Raffaele Amendola ◽  
Vincenzo Benessere ◽  
Maria E. Cucciolito ◽  
Francesco Ruffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

scholarly journals The effect of enzyme loading, alcohol/acid ratio and temperature on the enzymatic esterification of levulinic acid with methanol for methyl levulinate production: a kinetic study

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (25) ◽  
pp. 15054-15059
Author(s):  
Miaojia Song ◽  
Xiaohui Di ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yongming Sun ◽  
Zhongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
The Law

Based on reaction reversibility and the law of mass action, a mathematical model was developed. By the developed model, the effect of enzyme loading, molar alcohol/acid ratio, and temperature on methyl levulinate yield was kinetically analyzed.

Effect of Ball Milling on the Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Levulinic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sada Khan ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Mohamad Azmi Bustam Khalil ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Adulhalim Shah Maulud
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding

The yield of levulinic acid from cellulose is very low because of a strong network of intera-and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Ball milling cause significant decrease in the cellulose crystalinity and thus increase the production of levulinic acid (LA) by using Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. By means of AlCl3 depolymerization, cellulose can produce 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and subsequently LA. The effect of reaction temperature and time were investigated. The maximum yield of LA (36.5 mol %) was achieved using 180 oC and 240 min. Keyword: Ball milling, Levulinic Acid, Cellulose, Aluminium (III) Chloride, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Facile conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using a high surface area magnetically separable Ni/NiO catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Singh ◽  
Nishant Iyengar ◽  
Rajkumar Yadav ◽  
Aditya Rai ◽  
Anil K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Methyl Levulinate ◽  
Magnetically Separable

A study on the conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) and methyl levulinate (ML) has been done using a high surface area Ni/NiO catalyst.

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