Synergistic effects of components in deep eutectic solvents relieve toxicity and improve the performance of steroid biotransformation catalyzed by Arthrobacter simplex

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 2729-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhong Mao ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Yali Hou ◽  
Yanna Liu ◽  
Shaoxian Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Arthrobacter Simplex ◽  
Steroid Biotransformation

scholarly journals Towards a Paradigm Shift in Polar Organometallic Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hevia
Keyword(s):  
Organometallic Chemistry ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Organometallic Reagents ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Metal Reagents

Core tools of synthetic chemistry, polar organometallic reagents (typified by organolithium and Grignard reagents) are used worldwide for constructing compounds, especially aromatic compounds, which are ubiquitous in organic chemistry and thus in numerous commodities essential to everyday life. By isolation and characterisation of key organometallic intermediates, research in our group has led to the design of polar mixed-metal reagents imbued with synergistic effects that display chemical properties and reactivity profiles far exceeding the limits of traditional single-metal reagents. These studies have improved existing, or established new fundamentally important, synthetic methodologies based on either stoichiometric or catalytic reactions. Bimetallic cooperative effects have been demonstrated in an impressive array of important bond forming reactions including deprotonative metallation, transition metal-free C–C bond formation and metal–halogen exchange to name just a few. Towards greener, more sustainable, safer chemical transformations, our group has also pioneered the use of polar organometallic reagents under air and/or with water present using biorenewable solvents such as Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and 2-methyl THF. Herein we summarize some of our recent efforts in this intriguing area, which we believe can make inroads towards a step change in the practice and future scope of polar organometallic chemistry.

Effect of Natural Cyclodextrins on Cell Growth, Activity and Permeability of Arthrobacter simplex

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Qian Gao ◽  
Yan Bing Shen ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Arthrobacter Simplex ◽  
Steroid Biotransformation ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Initial Conversion

In this study, the biotransformation which from cortisone acetate (CA) to prednisone acetate (PA) by Arthrobacter simplex (ASP) was selected as a model system for evaluating the effects of natural cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD, referred as CDs) on cell growth, dehydrogenase activity, permeability of Arthrobacter simplex. The results showed that the cavity size of cyclodextrins on ASP cell growth were quite different, the with smaller cavity significantly inhibited ASP growth. CDs reduced the dehydrogenase activity of ASP and increased the cell permeability. Initial conversion rate of cells after treated by CDs were higher than the control cells. The study provided basic datas for the application of cyclodextrin in the steroid biotransformation.

Influence of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on steroid biotransformation by Arthrobacter simplex

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Yanbing Shen ◽  
Mengjiao Liu ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Arthrobacter Simplex ◽  
Steroid Biotransformation

Morphology of High-Performance Rigid-Rod Polymer Fibers and Molecular Composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. J. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Molecular Composites ◽  
Rigid Rod

Rigid-rod polymers such as PBO, poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole), Figure 1a, are now in commercial development for use as high-performance fibers and for reinforcement at the molecular level in molecular composites. Spinning of liquid crystalline polyphosphoric acid solutions of PBO, followed by washing, drying, and tension heat treatment produces fibers which have the following properties: density of 1.59 g/cm3; tensile strength of 820 kpsi; tensile modulus of 52 Mpsi; compressive strength of 50 kpsi; they are electrically insulating; they do not absorb moisture; and they are insensitive to radiation, including ultraviolet. Since the chain modulus of PBO is estimated to be 730 GPa, the high stiffness also affords the opportunity to reinforce a flexible coil polymer at the molecular level, in analogy to a chopped fiber reinforced composite. The objectives of the molecular composite concept are to eliminate the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the fiber and the matrix, as occurs in conventional composites, to eliminate the interface between the fiber and the matrix, and, hopefully, to obtain synergistic effects from the exceptional stiffness of the rigid-rod molecule. These expectations have been confirmed in the case of blending rigid-rod PBZT, poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole), Figure 1b, with stiff-chain ABPBI, poly 2,5(6) benzimidazole, Fig. 1c A film with 30% PBZT/70% ABPBI had tensile strength 190 kpsi and tensile modulus of 13 Mpsi when solution spun from a 3% methane sulfonic acid solution into a film. The modulus, as predicted by rule of mixtures, for a film with this composition and with planar isotropic orientation, should be 16 Mpsi. The experimental value is 80% of the theoretical value indicating that the concept of a molecular composite is valid.

A new model of synergistic effects of alcohol and high-fat diet on hepatic injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gäbele ◽  
K Dostert ◽  
C Dorn ◽  
C Hellerbrand
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
New Model
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