Studies on petroleum sulphonates: Correlation between their chemical structure and the oil-Water emulsion stability characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar N. Anand ◽  
Kalyan D. Neemla ◽  
Ved P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water

Oil/Water Emulsions Stabilized by Nanoparticles of Different Wettabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Gavrielatos ◽  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Spherical Silica ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Kinetics Of

A state-of-the-art, portable dispersion characterization rig (P-DCR) is used to investigate the effect of nanoparticles (NP) on oil-water emulsion formation and stabilization. Spherical silica NP of different wettabilities were used to investigate their effect on separation kinetics of solid stabilized emulsions in terms of solid particle concentration, wettability, initial dispersion phase, water-cut, and shearing time. The main findings of the study include the following: NP, even at concentrations as low as 0.005% or 0.01% (by weight), can significantly increase separation time of oil/water emulsions from a few minutes to several hours or even days. The P-DCR is recommended as an effective inline tool to measure emulsion stability in the field.

OIL SPILL DISPERSION STABILITY AND OIL RE-SURFACING

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merv Fingas
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the data and the theory of oil-in-water emulsion stability resulting in oil spill dispersion re-surfacing. There is an extensive body of literature on surfactants and interfacial chemistry, including experimental data on emulsion stability. The phenomenon of resurfacing oil is the result of two separate processes: de stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion and desorption of surfactant from the oil-water interface which leads to further de stabilization. The de stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemical oil dispersions is a consequence of the fact that no emulsions are thermodynamically stable. Ultimately, natural forces move the emulsions to a stable state, which consists of separated oil and water. What is important is the rate at which this occurs. An emulsion is said to be kinetically stable when significant separation (usually considered to be half or 50% of the dispersed phase) occurs outside of the usable time. There are several forces and processes that result in the destabilization and resurfacing of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemically dispersed oils. These include gravitational forces, surfactant interchange with water and subsequent loss of surfactant to the water column, creaming, coalescence, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and sedimentation. Gravitational separation is the most important force in the resurfacing of oil droplets from crude oil-in-water emulsions such as dispersions. Droplets in an emulsion tend to move upwards when their density is lower than that of water. Creaming is the de stabilization process that is simply described by the appearance of the starting dispersed phase at the surface. Coalescence is another important de stabilization process. Two droplets that interact as a result of close proximity or collision can form a new larger droplet. The result is to increase the droplet size and the rise rate, resulting in accelerated de stabilization of the emulsion. Studies show that coalescence increases with increasing turbidity as collisions between particles become more frequent. Another important phenomenon when considering the stability of dispersed oil, is the absorption/desorption of surfactant from the oil/water interface. In dilute solutions, much of the surfactant in the dispersed droplets ultimately partitions to the water column and thus is lost to the dispersion process. This paper provides a summary of the processes and data from some experiments relevant to oil spill dispersions.

Herbicide-Oil-Water Emulsions

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Edward F. Szelezniak
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Crop Origin ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

Oil-water emulsion stability was determined for crop origin and refinement of seed oils and their methyl esterified fatty acids (methylated seed oil) as influenced by emulsifiers and herbicides. Oil-in-water emulsion stability of one-refined, degummed, and crude seed oils was affected by the emulsifier. However, emulsion stability of methylated seed oil was not affected by the refinement of the seed oil used to produce the methylated seed oil or by the emulsifier. Oils without emulsifiers or emulsifiers alone added to formulated herbicide-water emulsions reduced emulsion stability depending upon the herbicide and emulsifier. Further, emulsion stability of formulated herbicides plus oil adjuvants was influenced by the oil type, the emulsifier in the oil adjuvant, and the herbicide. Oil-in-water emulsions improved or were not affected by increasing concentration of the emulsifier in the oil. However, T-Mulz-VO at a concentration greater than 10% with soybean oil or 5% with methylated soybean oil reduced emulsion stability with sethoxydim. Emulsion stability of herbicides with adjuvants depends upon the herbicide, the emulsifier, emulsifier concentration, and the crop origin, type, and refinement of oil.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides as Stabilizers for Polymeric Microcarriers Fabrication

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3045
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Demina ◽  
Liubov A. Kilyashova ◽  
Tatiana N. Popyrina ◽  
Eugenia A. Svidchenko ◽  
Sankar Bhuniya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
One Step ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Emulsifying Ability

Biodegradable polymeric microparticles are widely used in drug delivery systems with prolonged-release profiles and/or cell microcarriers. Their fabrication via the oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation technique has normally required emulsifiers in the aqueous phase. The present work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various polysaccharides, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, arabinogalactan, guar and their derivatives, as an alternative to synthetic surfactants for polylactide microparticle stabilization during their fabrication. Targeted modification of the biopolymer’s chemical structure was also tested as a tool to enhance polysaccharides’ emulsifying ability. The transformation of biomacromolecules into a form of nanoparticle via bottom-up or top-down methods and their subsequent application for microparticle fabrication via the Pickering emulsion solvent evaporation technique was useful as a one-step approach towards the preparation of core/shell microparticles. The effect of polysaccharides’ chemical structure and the form of their application on the polylactide microparticles’ total yield, size distribution and morphology was evaluated. The application of polysaccharides has great potential in terms of the development of green chemistry and the biocompatibility of the formed microparticles, which is especially important in biomedicine application.

scholarly journals Preparation of Poly(L,L-Lactide) Microparticles via Pickering Emulsions Using Chitin Nanocrystals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Demina ◽  
Yu. S. Sotnikova ◽  
A. V. Istomin ◽  
Ch. Grandfils ◽  
T. A. Akopova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Oil Water

The aim of the present study was to investigate an ability of chitin nanocrystals to be used as stabilizing components for fabrication of poly(L,L-lactide) microparticles via the Pickering oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The anisometric chitin nanocrystals were extracted from two different samples of crab shell chitin via acetic hydrolysis and analyzed using atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and FTIR spectroscopy. The extracted nanocrystals showed no difference in the chemical structure but possessed different morphology and aspect ratios as a function of raw chitin used. The effect of chitin nanocrystals characteristics and concentration in the aqueous phase on the total yield, size distribution, and shape and surface morphology of the prepared polylactide microparticles was evaluated.

scholarly journals Stability of Pyrolysis Oil-Water Emulsion

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1238-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipat Subsuksumran ◽  
Prakorn Kittipoomwong ◽  
Monpilai Narasingha ◽  
Wirachai Soontornrangson
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Emulsification of pyrolysis oil produced from plastic waste has been experimented. The employed cascade heating steps and heating rates pyrolysis process provides 80% product yield using waste plastic or recycles HDPE pellets as a raw material. Water-in-oil emulsion is produced ultrasonically and mechanically with Span80 as a surfactant. The emulsion stability was assessed by water droplet size and visual observation of any phase separation. An ultrasonic mixer is found to be more effective than mechanical homogenizer in terms of homogenous stability to emulsify plastic oil with water. For emulsion with 10% water by volume, the emulsion is observed to be stable for up to 24 hours after mixing.

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