Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by aluminium/O2/acid system

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunde Lin ◽  
Jianjun Cai ◽  
Jianqiang Sun ◽  
Xiuling Xue
Keyword(s):  
Acid System

A Review of Wet Etch Formulas for Silicon Semiconductor Failure Analysis

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Graphical Data ◽  
Selective Etch ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Wet Etch

Abstract WET ETCHING is an important part of the failure analysis of semiconductor devices. Analysis requires etches for the removal, delineation by decoration or differential etching, and study of defects in layers of various materials. Each lab usually has a collection of favored etch recipes. Some of these etches are available premixed from the fab chemical supply. Some of these etches may be unique, or even proprietary, to your company. Additionally, the lab etch recipe list will usually contain a variety of classical "named etches". These recipes, such as Dash Etch, have persisted over time. Although well-reported in the literature, lab lists may not accurately represent these recipes, or contain complete and accurate instructions for their use. Time seems to have erased the understanding of the purpose of additives such as iodine, in some of these formulas. To identify the best etches and techniques for a failure analysis operations, a targeted literature review of articles and patents was undertaken. It was a surprise to find that much of the work was quite old, and originally done with germanium. Later some of these etches were modified for silicon. Much of this work is still applicable today. Two main etch types were found. One is concerned with the thinning and chemical polishing of silicon. The other type is concerned with identifying defects in silicon. Many of the named etches were found to consist of variations in a specific acid system. The acid system has been well characterized with ternary diagrams and 3-D surfaces. The named etches were plotted on this diagram. The original formulas and applications of the named etches were traced to assure accuracy, so that the results claimed by the original authors, may be reproduced in today's lab. The purpose of this paper is to share the condensed information obtained during this literature search. Graphical data has been corrected for modem dimensions. Selectivities have been located and discussed. The contents of more than 25 named etches were spreadsheeted. It was concluded that the best approach to delineation is a two-step etch, using uncomplicated and well-characterized standard formulas. The first step uses a decoration or differential etch technique to define the junctions. Formulations for effective decoration etches were found to be surprisingly simple. The second step uses a selective etch to define the various interconnections and dielectric layers. Chromium compounds can be completely eliminated from these formulas, to meet environmental concerns. This work, originally consisting of 30 pages with 106 references, has been condensed to conform with the formatting requirements of this publication.

scholarly journals THE FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN A PLANT TRICARBOXYLIC ACID SYSTEM

1947 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Vennesland ◽  
Joseph Ceithaml ◽  
Miriam C. Gollub
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Fixation Of Carbon Dioxide

scholarly journals DNA‐Grafted Hyaluronic Acid System with Enhanced Injectability and Biostability for Photo‐Controlled Osteoarthritis Gene Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004793
Author(s):  
Zhijie Chen ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Kaizhe Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Acid System

A New pH Oscillator:  The Chlorite−Sulfite−Sulfuric Acid System in a CSTR

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen A. Frerichs ◽  
Tara M. Mlnarik ◽  
Robert J. Grun ◽  
Richard C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid System
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document