scholarly journals Heart and neural crest derivative 2‐induced preservation of sympathetic neurons attenuates sarcopenia with aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carolina Zaia Rodrigues ◽  
Zhong‐Min Wang ◽  
María Laura Messi ◽  
Henry Jacob Bonilla ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Neural Crest Derivative

Analysis of the development of the nervous system of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Judith Shulman Weis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Solid Structure ◽  
Derivatives Of

In teleost fishes, unlike many other vertebrates, the spinal cord originates as a solid structure, the neural keel, which subsequently hollows out. Unlike vertebrates in which the neural tube is formed from neural folds, and where the neural crest arises from wedge-shaped masses of tissue connecting the neural tube to the general ectoderm, teleosts do not possess a clear morphological neural crest. Initially, the dorsal surface of the keel is broadly attached to the ectoderm as described by Shepard (1961). As the neural primordia become larger and more discrete, the region of attachment narrows, and cells become loose (the ‘loose crest stage’). These cells represent the neural crest. Subsequently they begin to migrate and to differentiate into the various derivatives of neural crest. Both sensory and sympathetic neurons arise from neural crest. At the time of their migration the cells are not morphologically distinguishable.

scholarly journals Migrating neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo are multipotent

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Fraser ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

Trunk neural crest cells migrate extensively and give rise to diverse cell types, including cells of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Previously, we demonstrated that many premigratory trunk neural crest cells give rise to descendants with distinct phenotypes in multiple neural crest derivatives. The results are consistent with the idea that neural crest cells are multipotent prior to their emigration from the neural tube and become restricted in phenotype after leaving the neural tube either during their migration or at their sites of localization. Here, we test the developmental potential of migrating trunk neural crest cells by microinjecting a vital dye, lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD), into individual cells as they migrate through the somite. By two days after injection, the LRD-labelled clones contained from 2 to 67 cells, which were distributed unilaterally in all embryos. Most clones were confined to a single segment, though a few contributed to sympathetic ganglia over two segments. A majority of the clones gave rise to cells in multiple neural crest derivatives. Individual migrating neural crest cells gave rise to both sensory and sympathetic neurons (neurofilament-positive), as well as cells with the morphological characteristics of Schwann cells, and other non-neuronal cells (both neurofilament-negative). Even those clones contributing to only one neural crest derivative often contained both neurofilament-positive and neurofilament-negative cells. Our data demonstrate that migrating trunk neural crest cells can be multipotent, giving rise to cells in multiple neural crest derivatives, and contributing to both neuronal and non-neuronal elements within a given derivative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Genes, lineages and the neural crest: a speculative review

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1399) ◽  
pp. 953-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Autonomic Ganglion ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Autonomic Neurons ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Prevailing View

Sensory and sympathetic neurons are generated from the trunk neural crest. The prevailing view has been that these two classes of neurons are derived from a common neural crest–derived progenitor that chooses between neuronal fates only after migrating to sites of peripheral ganglion formation. Here I reconsider this view in the light of new molecular and genetic data on the differentiation of sensory and autonomic neurons. These data raise several paradoxes when taken in the context of classical studies of the timing and spatial patterning of sensory and autonomic ganglion formation. These paradoxes can be most easily resolved by assuming that the restriction of neural crest cells to either sensory or autonomic lineages occurs at a very early stage, either before and/or shortly after they exit the neural tube.

Delta signaling mediates segregation of neural crest and spinal sensory neurons from zebrafish lateral neural plate

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (13) ◽  
pp. 2873-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Cornell ◽  
J.S. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Neural Crest Derivative ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

We examined the role of Delta signaling in specification of two derivatives in zebrafish neural plate: Rohon-Beard spinal sensory neurons and neural crest. deltaA-expressing Rohon-Beard neurons are intermingled with premigratory neural crest cells in the trunk lateral neural plate. Embryos homozygous for a point mutation in deltaA, or with experimentally reduced delta signalling, have supernumerary Rohon-Beard neurons, reduced trunk-level expression of neural crest markers and lack trunk neural crest derivatives. Fin mesenchyme, a putative trunk neural crest derivative, is present in deltaA mutants, suggesting it segregates from other neural crest derivatives as early as the neural plate stage. Cranial neural crest derivatives are also present in deltaA mutants, revealing a genetic difference in regulation of trunk and cranial neural crest development.

scholarly journals Cell lineage analysis of the avian neural crest

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bronner-Fraser ◽  
Scott E. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

Neural crest cells migrate extensively and give rise to diverse cell types, including cells of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. A major unanswered question concerning the neural crest is when and how the neural crest cells become determined to adopt a particular fate. We have explored the developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in avian embryos by microinjecting a vital dye, lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD), into individual cells within the dorsal neural tube. We find that premigratory and emigrating neural crest cells give rise to descendants with distinct phenotypes in multiple neural crest derivatives. These results are consistent with the idea that neural crest cells are multipotent prior to their emigration from the neural tube and become restricted in phenotype after emigration from the neural tube either during their migration or at their sites of localization. To determine whether neural crest cells become restricted during their migration, we have microinjected individual trunk neural crest cells with dye shortly after they leave the neural tube or as they migrate through the somite. We find that a majority of the clones derived from migrating neural crest cells appear to be multipotent; individual migrating neural crest cells gave rise to both sensory and sympathetic neurons, as well as cells with the morphological characteristics of Schwann cells, and other nonneuronal cells. Even those clones contributing to only one neural crest derivative often contained both neurofilament-positive and neurofilament-negative cells. These data demonstrate that migrating trunk neural crest cells, like their premigratory progenitors, can be multipotent. They give rise to cells in multiple neural crest derivatives and contribute to both neuronal and non-neuronal elements within a given derivative. Thus, restriction of neural crest cell fate must occur relatively late in migration or at the final destinations.

scholarly journals SoxE Proteins Are Differentially Required in Mouse Adrenal Gland Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Reiprich ◽  
C. Claus Stolt ◽  
Silke Schreiner ◽  
Rosanna Parlato ◽  
Michael Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Dimerization Domain ◽  
Neural Crest Derivative ◽  
Sox Proteins ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Deficient Mice

Sry-box (Sox)8, Sox9, and Sox10 are all strongly expressed in the neural crest. Here, we studied the influence of these closely related transcription factors on the developing adrenal medulla as one prominent neural crest derivative. Whereas Sox9 was not expressed, both Sox8 and Sox10 occurred widely in neural crest cells migrating to the adrenal gland and in the gland itself, and they were down-regulated in cells expressing catecholaminergic traits. Sox10-deficient mice lacked an adrenal medulla. The adrenal anlage was never colonized by neural crest cells, which failed to specify properly at the dorsal aorta and died apoptotically during migration. Furthermore, mutant neural crest cells did not express Sox8. Strong adrenal phenotypes were also observed when the Sox10 dimerization domain was inactivated or when a transactivation domain in the central portion was deleted. Sox8 in contrast had only minimal influence on adrenal gland development. Phenotypic consequences became only visible in Sox8-deficient mice upon additional deletion of one Sox10 allele. Replacement of Sox10 by Sox8, however, led to significant rescue of the adrenal medulla, indicating that functional differences between the two related Sox proteins contribute less to the different adrenal phenotypes of the null mutants than dependence of Sox8 expression on Sox10.

scholarly journals Sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells share a common progenitor in the neural crest in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Shtukmaster ◽  
Marie Schier ◽  
Katrin Huber ◽  
Shlomo Krispin ◽  
Chaya Kalcheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons

Heart conduction system: a neural crest derivative?

1988 ◽  
Vol 457 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Gorza ◽  
Stefano Schiaffino ◽  
Maurizio Vitadello
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Heart Conduction System ◽  
System A ◽  
Neural Crest Derivative

Restriction of developmental potential during divergence of the enteric and sympathetic neuronal lineages

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 2855-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Pisano ◽  
S.J. Birren
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Developmental Potential

In the peripheral nervous system, enteric and sympathetic neurons develop from multipotent neural crest cells. While local environmental signals in the gut and in the region of the sympathetic ganglia play a role in the choice of cell fate, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie restriction to specific neuronal phenotypes. We investigated the divergence and restriction of the enteric and sympathetic neuronal lineages using immuno-isolated neural crest-derived cells from the gut and sympathetic ganglia. Analysis of neuronal and lineage-specific mRNAs and proteins indicated that neural crest-derived cells from the gut and sympathetic ganglia had initiated neuronal differentiation and phenotypic divergence by E14.5 in the rat. We investigated the developmental potential of these cells using expression of tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker for a sympathetic phenotype. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was examined in neurons that developed from sympathetic and enteric neuroblasts under the following culture conditions: culture alone; coculture with gut monolayers to promote enteric differentiation; or coculture with dorsal aorta monolayers to promote noradrenergic differentiation. Both enteric and sympathetic neuroblasts displayed developmental plasticity at E14.5. Sympathetic neuroblasts downregulated tyrosine hydroxylase in response to signals from the gut environment and enteric neuroblasts increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase when grown on dorsal aorta or in the absence of other cell types. Tracking of individual sympathetic cells displaying a neuronal morphology at the time of plating indicated that neuroblasts retained phenotypic plasticity even after initial neuronal differentiation had occurred. By E19.5 both enteric and sympathetic neuroblasts had undergone a significant loss of their developmental potential, with most neuroblasts retaining their lineage-specific phenotype in all environments tested. Together our data indicate that the developmental potential of enteric and sympathetic neuroblasts becomes restricted over time and that this restriction takes place not as a consequence of initial neuronal differentiation but during the period of neuronal maturation. Further, we have characterized a default pathway of adrenergic differentiation in the enteric nervous system and have defined a transient requirement for gut-derived factors in the maintenance of the enteric neuronal phenotype.

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