MFN2 silencing promotes neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells via the Akt signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1064
Author(s):  
Siqi Yi ◽  
Chenghao Cui ◽  
Xiaotian Huang ◽  
Xiaohui Yin ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Small extracellular vesicles derived from embryonic stem cells restore ovarian function of premature ovarian failure through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Liu ◽  
Yu Qiu ◽  
Zhuowei Xue ◽  
Ruoyu Wu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background Premature ovarian failure (POF) has a great impact on reproductive endocrine function in females, and it is an important cause of infertility. Previous studies have demonstrated that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from stem cells play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sEVs derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs-sEVs) on damaged ovaries and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Mice POF models were established by injecting mice with cyclophosphamide and busulfan. Then, ESCs-sEVs were intravenously transplanted into POF mice. The plasma of mice was harvested at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment to analyze the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by ELISA. The morphology of ovaries and follicles was observed by H&E staining, and apoptosis of granulosa cells was detected by TUNEL. In vitro, EdU and CCK-8 tests were used to evaluate the proliferation of cultured granulosa cells stimulated by ESCs-sEVs. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of PI3K/AKT and apoptotic-related proteins. Results After transplantation of ESCs-sEVs, the levels of serum sex hormones recovered to normal levels. In addition, the number of follicles was significantly increased, and the number of apoptotic cells was decreased. The results in vitro revealed that ESCs-sEVs could significantly improve the proliferation rate of granulosa cells and increase the expression of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT. Meanwhile, the positive effect on proliferation and the negative effect on apoptosis observed in granulosa cells were obviously decreased when the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited. Conclusion Our findings suggested that ESCs-sEVs could improve ovarian function by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could provide a promising clinical therapy for POF.

Asxl1 ablation in mouse embryonic stem cells impairs neural differentiation without affecting self-renewal

2019 ◽  
Vol 508 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
SoJung An ◽  
Ui-Hyun Park ◽  
Seungtae Moon ◽  
Myengmo Kang ◽  
Hyesook Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal
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