The influence of body‐worn cameras, minority threat, and place on police activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Hughes ◽  
Bradley A. Campbell ◽  
Brian P. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Minority Threat ◽  
Police Activity

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

Exploring the Minority Threat Hypothesis for Juveniles in Criminal Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Zane
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Pretrial Detention ◽  
Minority Threat ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Different Populations

In the context of the criminal justice system, the minority threat hypothesis posits that a growing minority population will exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities as those in power seek to establish social control over the threatening population. Decades of research have produced mixed findings, possibly due to the varied approaches to testing this hypothesis as well as the different populations to whom it is applied. To fully explore the racial and ethnic threat hypotheses for an underexamined population—juveniles transferred to criminal court—and an underexamined outcome—pretrial detention—the present article employs a series of multilevel models to test several versions of the hypothesis. Specifically, the article distinguishes between two measures of minority threat—static and dynamic—and two types of threat effects—diffuse and targeted. Findings indicate limited support for the minority threat hypothesis in all forms. Several interpretations are offered, ranging from consideration of the need for more informed measures of threat to a possible need to modify or abandon the minority threat hypothesis in the context of juvenile and criminal justice processing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Characteristics of Immigrant Offenders on Attitudes Towards Immigrant Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Mateja Vuk ◽  
Dalibor Doležal ◽  
Ena Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Minority Threat ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory ◽  
Research Show

Minority threat theory and existing research show that public attitudes towards certain types of offenders (e.g. ethnic and racial minorities) are often more punitive. Research also reveals that a significant proportion of the public associates the increase of immigration with higher crime rates. Negative attitudes, as well as an overall anti-immigration sentiment, have been increasing internationally. Therefore, we hypothesise that the public will have more negative and punitive attitudes towards immigrant offenders than towards citizens. Using a sample of students from the University of Zagreb, this research tested the above-mentioned hypothesis and explored whether factors like immigration status, ethnic identity, type of offense, and the age of the hypothetical offender impact student attitude on immigrant crime. To test this proposition, we used online surveys with factorial vignettes. The results show that participants ask for harsher sentences for undocumented immigrants, but immigrant status and the national origin of the immigrant are not associated with the perception of recidivism, dangerousness, or criminal typicality of offender.

Police use of force: an examination of the minority threat perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston J. Morrow ◽  
Emily R. Berthelot ◽  
Samuel G. Vickovic
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Minority Threat

Dynamics and structure of off ences and the ways the police respond to revealed crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-342
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sadło-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
National Police ◽  
Police Activity

Citizens’ sense of security depends on the activities of entities whose task is to provide this security to citizens. A citizen feels safe if his/her immediate environment is safe. These seemingly minor acts of misconduct have a very large impact on the sense of security of citizens, because it is with them that citizens most often come into contact. That is why a proper police activity in diagnosing offences, their detection and quick reaction to them is so important. Quick reaction to an offence gives a feeling that a citizen is not left alone with the problem, but also awareness and warning that anyone who commits an offence will suffer the consequences. The article presents the ways of reacting to an offence and shows, on the basis of statistical data of the National Police Headquarters, the tendencies of reaction to offences, their scale and dynamics.

Grinding

County Lines ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 101-142
Author(s):  
Simon Harding
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Management ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Line Manager ◽  
Marketing Principles ◽  
Police Activity

This chapter examines how the actual processes of county lines drug-supply networks work in reality, looking at the internal dynamics of running a county line in more detail. The daily chore of wrapping drugs, bagging them, taking phone calls, delivering drugs to user, 27/7 from a local dealing hub or trap house is referred to by the runner/dealers as ‘grinding’. The chapter then reveals life inside a trap house, managing staff, role differentiation, and the marketing principles of customer relationship management. It also outlines the management risks of county lines, as well as the options for county line expansion. County line managers know that the initial stages of line establishment are crucial and misjudgements now are costly later. A skilled county line manager must therefore mitigate all risks, and establish and secure lines to commence profitable returns. Early risks here include retaliation from an existing/rival lines; over-exposure of marketing generating police activity; failure to create a market share; and transposing profits back to the parent gang.

Police and the Public’s Health

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Intervention Teams ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Crisis Intervention Teams ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Police Activity

This chapter describes how police work shapes the health context of cities and neighborhoods, and affects the lives and behaviors of countless citizens. While there has been much concern in recent years about how some police activity has harmed health, particularly among minority communities, police have the potential to improve the health of the communities they serve. Police beat work is filled with low-intensity interactions in which officers serve as problem-solvers; these problems often involve public health. Police are first responders to opioid overdoses; they also intercede in intimate partner violence, and they engage with the homeless. As such, leveraging police involvement into better health outcomes could go a long way toward helping people solve these crises. Increasingly, large cities are developing crisis intervention teams (CITs) to improve safety and divert individuals from criminal justice involvement.

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