Effectiveness of day treatment with proctor care for young children: A four-year follow-up

Existing research suggests that adults and older children experience a tradeoff where instruction and feedback help them solve a problem efficiently, but lead them to ignore currently irrelevant information that might be useful in the future. It is unclear whether young children experience the same tradeoff. Eighty-seven children (ages five- to eight-years) and 42 adults participated in supervised feature prediction tasks either with or without an instructional hint. Follow-up tasks assessed learning of feature correlations and feature frequencies. Younger children tended to learn frequencies of both relevant and irrelevant features without instruction, but not the diagnostic feature correlation needed for the prediction task. With instruction, younger children did learn the diagnostic feature correlation, but then failed to learn the frequencies of irrelevant features. Instruction helped older children learn the correlation without limiting attention to frequencies. Adults learned the diagnostic correlation even without instruction, but with instruction no longer learned about irrelevant frequencies. These results indicate that young children do show some costs of learning with instruction characteristic of older children and adults. However, they also receive some of the benefits. The current study illustrates just what those tradeoffs might be, and how they might change over development.

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Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: a nationwide study in Korea

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02502-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joohee Lim ◽

So Jin Yoon ◽

Jeong Eun Shin ◽

Jung Ho Han ◽

Soon Min Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Day Treatment ◽

National Level ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Nationwide Study ◽

Screening Programs

Abstract Background Despite the expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern. Purpose This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS, including treatment and follow-up, based on a nationwide study. Methods From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during their first year of life from 2013 to 2018. Neurosyphilis and complications were investigated using the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Results The birth rate of infants from mothers with syphilis was 2.8 per 10,000 live births for 5 years, which is not indicative of a decreasing trend. Overall, 148 infants were proven or highly probable or possible of having CS with treatment for 10 days; 66 infants were possible or less likely of having CS with only 1-day treatment. Jaundice (56 %) was common, followed by hearing impairment (14 %), renal disease (8 %), and mental retardation (8 %). Fourteen cases of neurosyphilis occurred. Infants with complications, including mental retardation, eye involvement, hearing impairment, or renal disease, were significantly associated with neurosyphilis (OR 8.49, P < 0.0001). Of 250 patients who received treatment, 92.8 % were treated with one medication: benzathine penicillin was used in 73 % of patients. Only four patients were re-treated due to treatment failure. In addition to the treponemal test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption was the most utilized tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Conclusions Establishing standardized guidelines for the evaluation of CS, as well as the establishment of treatment regimens and follow up-plans for the disease, at a national level would help improve maternal and neonatal care and facilitate the eradication of CS in Korea.

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Unilateral lateral rectus recession is an effective surgery for intermittent exotropia in young children

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01778-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oriel Spierer ◽

Abraham Spierer

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Success Rate ◽

Lateral Rectus ◽

Intermittent Exotropia ◽

Age At Surgery ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Consecutive Esotropia

Abstract Background Different surgical methods have been suggested for the correction of intermittent exotropia. Unilateral lateral rectus recession has been described as a surgical alternative for small and moderate-angle exotropia. In general, previous studies did not focus on the outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in young children with intermittent exotropia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in the treatment of moderate-angle exotropia (≤ 25 PD (prism diopters)) in children. Methods The charts of all patients younger than 12 years of age with moderate-angle exotropia (up to 25 PD) who were operated during the years 2006–2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and had a minimum follow up of 6 months. The angle of exotropia (PD) before and after surgery and the success rate were documented. Results Mean age at surgery was 6.4 ± 1.9 (range 3.5–11.0) years. Exotropia improved from a preoperative angle of 21.4 ± 4.0 PD to 3.5 ± 5.9 PD postoperatively (p < 0.001). Success rate, defined as deviation of ≤ 10 PD, was achieved in 86.2%. There were 2 (3.4%) cases of overcorrection (consecutive esotropia). There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 2.3 ± 1.7 years. Conclusions In children with moderate angle exotropia, good postoperative success rate was achieved by performing unilateral lateral rectus recession.

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Gratification Disorder Associated With Perineal Irritation in Young Children: Management and Short-Term Outcome

Journal of Psychosexual Health ◽

10.1177/26318318211023321 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263183182110233

Author(s):

Sherina Moktan ◽

Utkarsh Karki ◽

Isha Bista ◽

Narmada Devkota

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Clinical History ◽

Term Outcome ◽

General Physical Examination ◽

Videotape Recording ◽

General Physical ◽

Outpatient Settings ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

Comprehensive History

Masturbatory behaviors occur as a part of psychosexual development in young children, but if such behaviors exceed resulting in discomfort and disability, it is known as gratification disorder. Children with such genital self-stimulatory behaviors are infrequently seen and diagnosed in Asian outpatient settings, possibly due to prevalent stigma. We report the cases of 3 children of 3, 4, and 8 - year-old with the diagnosis of gratification disorder based on comprehensive history-taking, general physical examination, and neurological examination along with videotape recording of the event. Investigations such as electroencephalogram (EEG), urinary microscopic examination, and culture were also conducted in each case. Clinical history, examination, and investigations such as EEG and urinary examination were reviewed. Behavior therapy and psychoeducation were successful in alleviating the disorder and allaying parental fears of taboo in all these cases. There was significant improvement in self-genital stimulatory behavior in all 3 cases at 3 months follow-up.

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Treatment with Diazepam in Acute Stroke Prevents Poststroke Seizures: A Substudy of the EGASIS Trial

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000512799 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Julia H. van Tuijl ◽

Elisabeth P.M. van Raak ◽

Robert J. van Oostenbrugge ◽

Albert P. Aldenkamp ◽

Rob P.W. Rouhl

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Incidence Rate Ratio ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Early Administration ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Double Blind

Objective: The frequency of seizures after stroke is high, with a severe impact on the quality of life. However, little is known about their prevention. Therefore, we investigated whether early administration of diazepam prevents the development of seizures in acute stroke patients. Methods: We performed a substudy of the EGASIS trial, a multicenter double-blind, randomized trial in which acute stroke patients were treated with diazepam or placebo for 3 days. Follow-up was after 2 weeks and 3 months. The occurrence of seizures was registered prospectively as one of the prespecified secondary outcomes. Results: 784 EGASIS patients were eligible for this substudy (389 treated with diazepam [49.6%] and 395 treated with placebo [50.4%]). Seizures were reported in 19 patients (2.4% of the total patient group). Seizures occurred less frequently in patients treated with diazepam (1.5 vs. 3.3% in the placebo group); however, this difference was only statistically significant in patients with a cortical anterior circulation infarction (0.9% in the diazepam group vs. 4.6% in the placebo group, incidence rate ratio 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.78, p = 0.02, NNT = 27). Conclusion: We found that a 3-day treatment with diazepam after acute cortical anterior circulation stroke prevents the occurrence of seizures in the first 3 months following stroke.

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Long-term neuropsychological follow-up of young children with medulloblastoma treated with sequential high-dose chemotherapy and irradiation sparing approach

Journal of Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1007/s11060-017-2409-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Taryn B. Fay-McClymont ◽

Danielle M. Ploetz ◽

Don Mabbott ◽

Karin Walsh ◽

Amy Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

High Dose Chemotherapy ◽

High Dose

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A Retrospective Follow-up of Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents: Identifying Predictors of Treatment Outcome

Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/019874298601100203 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 87-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter Leone ◽

Ronald Fitzmartin ◽

Frank Stetson ◽

Jennifer Foster

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Successful Completion ◽

Behaviorally Disordered ◽

Residential Status ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Day Treatment Program

Behaviorally disordered adolescents are a heterogeneous group. Determining which students enrolled in particular treatment programs are likely to be successful is a difficult task. This retrospective follow-up systematically investigated behaviorally disordered youth and identified factors associated with successful completion of a comprehensive residential and day treatment program. Results suggest that, for the 70 subjects studied, attendance, day or residential status, and prior adjudication were related to treatment outcomes. A dditionally, for a subset of 34 subjects directly interviewed and assessed at follow-up, measures of academic achievement were unrelated to outcomes.

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Sex Differences in Rotary Pursuit Performance of Young Children: A Follow-up

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1968.26.3c.1199 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1199-1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Stephen H. Davol ◽

Susan L. Breakell

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Middle Class ◽

Young Children ◽

Grade Level ◽

Rest Period ◽

Lower Class ◽

Rotary Pursuit

A 30-rpm or a 45-rpm rotary pursuit task was given to 72 boys and 72 girls from Grades 1 to 5 of a lower-class and a middle-class school; each S was given 5 125-sec. trials with a 1-min. rest period between trials. Analyses of time-on-target showed a different pattern of results for each school. No significant sex differences were found except through interaction with sex of E. Level of performance was determined primarily by speed of rotation and grade level of S, but there was a lag in performance of Ss from the first two grades of the lower-class school.

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