scholarly journals Nuclear lipid mediators: Role of nuclear sphingolipids and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling in epigenetic regulation of inflammation and gene expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 6337-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panfeng Fu ◽  
David L. Ebenezer ◽  
Alison W. Ha ◽  
Vidyani Suryadevara ◽  
Anantha Harijith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

scholarly journals The Sphingolipid Asset Is Altered in the Nigrostriatal System of Mice Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Victor Blokhin ◽  
Maria Shupik ◽  
Ulyana Gutner ◽  
Ekaterina Pavlova ◽  
Albert T. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Nigrostriatal System ◽  
Dopaminergic Cell ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease incurable due to late diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, one of the priorities of neurology is to study the mechanisms of PD pathogenesis at the preclinical and early clinical stages. Given the important role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, we aimed to analyze the gene expression of key sphingolipid metabolism enzymes (ASAH1, ASAH2, CERS1, CERS3, CERS5, GBA1, SMPD1, SMPD2, UGCG) and the content of 32 sphingolipids (subspecies of ceramides, sphingomyelins, monohexosylceramides and sphinganine, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) in the nigrostriatal system in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse models of the preclinical and clinical stages of PD. It has been shown that in PD models, the expression of five of the nine studied genes (CERS1, CERS5, ASAH1, ASAH2, and GBA1) increases but only in the substantia nigra (SN) containing dopaminergic cell bodies. Changes in the expression of enzyme genes were accompanied by an increase in the content of 7 of the 32 studied sphingolipids. Such findings suggest these genes as attractive candidates for diagnostic purposes for preclinical and clinical stages of PD.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Myogenesis: Focus on the Histone Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12727
Author(s):  
Joana Esteves de Lima ◽  
Frédéric Relaix
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Differentiation Status

Skeletal muscle development and regeneration rely on the successive activation of specific transcription factors that engage cellular fate, promote commitment, and drive differentiation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetic regulation of gene expression is crucial for the maintenance of the cell differentiation status upon division and, therefore, to preserve a specific cellular identity. This depends in part on the regulation of chromatin structure and its level of condensation. Chromatin architecture undergoes remodeling through changes in nucleosome composition, such as alterations in histone post-translational modifications or exchange in the type of histone variants. The mechanisms that link histone post-translational modifications and transcriptional regulation have been extensively evaluated in the context of cell fate and differentiation, whereas histone variants have attracted less attention in the field. In this review, we discuss the studies that have provided insights into the role of histone variants in the regulation of myogenic gene expression, myoblast differentiation, and maintenance of muscle cell identity.

scholarly journals Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Ilaria Del Gaudio ◽  
Linda Sasset ◽  
Annarita Di Lorenzo ◽  
Christian Wadsack
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Serine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Bioactive Sphingolipids

Bioactive sphingolipids are emerging as key regulators of vascular function and homeostasis. While most of the clinical studies have been devoted to profile circulating sphingolipids in maternal plasma, little is known about the role of the sphingolipid at the feto-placental vasculature, which is in direct contact with the offspring circulation. Our study aims to compare the sphingolipid profile of normal with preeclamptic (PE) placental chorionic arteries and isolated endothelial cells, with the goal of unveiling potential underlying pathomechanisms in the vasculature. Dihydrosphingosine and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations (C16:0-, C18:0-, and C24:0- sphingomyelin) were significantly increased in chorionic arteries of preeclamptic placentas, whereas total ceramide, although showing a downward trend, were not statistically different. Moreover, RNA and immunofluorescence analysis showed impaired sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis and signaling in PE vessels. Our data reveal that the exposure to a deranged maternal intrauterine environment during PE alters the sphingolipid signature and gene expression on the fetal side of the placental vasculature. This pathological remodeling consists in increased serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activity and SM accrual in PE chorionic arteries, with concomitance impairment endothelial S1P signaling in the endothelium of these vessels. The increase of endothelial S1P phosphatase, lyase and S1PR2, and blunted S1PR1 expression support the onset of the pathological phenotype in chorionic arteries.

scholarly journals Hox Genes in Reptile Development, Epigenetic Regulation, and Teratogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Martín-del-Campo ◽  
Itzel Sifuentes-Romero ◽  
Alejandra García-Gasca
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation ◽  
Genetic Pool

Reptiles are ancestral organisms presenting a variety of shapes, from the elongated vertebral column of the snake to the turtle dorsalized ribs or retractile neck. Body plans are specified by a conserved group of homeobox-containing genes (Hox genes), which encode transcription factors important in cell fate and vertebral architecture along the anteroposterior axis during embryonic development; thus, dysregulation of these genes may cause congenital malformations, from mild-sublethal to embryonic-lethal. The genetic pool, maternal transfer, and environmental conditions during egg incubation affect development; environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, oxygen, and pollution may alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, in this review, we present information regarding Hox genes and development in reptiles, including sex determination and teratogenesis. We also present some evidence of epigenetic regulation of Hox genes and the role of the environment in epigenetic modulation of gene expression. So far, the evidence suggests that the molecular instructions encoded by Hox genes to build a snake, a lizard, or a turtle represent the interplay between genome and epigenome after years of evolution, with occasional environmentally induced molecular mistakes leading to abnormal body shapes.

scholarly journals The role of enhancer RNAs in epigenetic regulation of gene expression

Transcription ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Rahnamoun ◽  
Paola Orozco ◽  
Shannon M. Lauberth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic regulation of AHR gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: Role of the proximal promoter GC-rich region

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal A. Englert ◽  
Robert J. Turesky ◽  
Weiguo Han ◽  
Erin E. Bessette ◽  
Simon D. Spivack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Ahr Gene ◽  
Mcf 7

scholarly journals Epigenetics on the brain: Modifying chromatin and behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Mary G. Goll
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Regulate Gene

Proper regulation of gene expression is essential for the development and survival of every organ ism. Epigenetic modifications provide a way for cells to regulate gene expression and to propagate expression states heritably through cell division. Given the brain's complexity, it is not surprising that epigenetic regulation is essential for both normal development and maintenance of homoeostasis of this organ. New data suggest that the role of epigenetic regulation in the brain may extend much further, influencing both the ways neurons organize their networks in response to new experiences and the resultant behaviours. Such studies highlight the relevance of epigenetic regulation for neu rodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disease.

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