scholarly journals Cancellous bone may have a greater adaptive strain threshold than cortical bone

JBMR Plus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haisheng Yang ◽  
Whitney A. Bullock ◽  
Alexandra Myhal ◽  
Philip DeShield ◽  
Daniel Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Strain Threshold

scholarly journals Osteopontin Deficiency Induces Parathyroid Hormone Enhancement of Cortical Bone Formation

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 2132-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Kitahara ◽  
Muneaki Ishijima ◽  
Susan R. Rittling ◽  
Kunikazu Tsuji ◽  
Hisashi Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass ◽  
Intermittent Pth

Intermittent PTH treatment increases cancellous bone mass in osteoporosis patients; however, it reveals diverse effects on cortical bone mass. Underlying molecular mechanisms for anabolic PTH actions are largely unknown. Because PTH regulates expression of osteopontin (OPN) in osteoblasts, OPN could be one of the targets of PTH in bone. Therefore, we examined the role of OPN in the PTH actions in bone. Intermittent PTH treatment neither altered whole long-bone bone mineral density nor changed cortical bone mass in wild-type 129 mice, although it enhanced cancellous bone volume as reported previously. In contrast, OPN deficiency induced PTH enhancement of whole-bone bone mineral density as well as cortical bone mass. Strikingly, although PTH suppressed periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) and mineral apposition rate (MAR) in cortical bone in wild type, OPN deficiency induced PTH activation of periosteal BFR and MAR. In cancellous bone, OPN deficiency further enhanced PTH increase in BFR and MAR. Analysis on the cellular bases for these phenomena indicated that OPN deficiency augmented PTH enhancement in the increase in mineralized nodule formation in vitro. OPN deficiency did not alter the levels of PTH enhancement of the excretion of deoxypyridinoline in urine, the osteoclast number in vivo, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell development in vitro. These observations indicated that OPN deficiency specifically induces PTH activation of periosteal bone formation in the cortical bone envelope.

scholarly journals Prediction Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Robot Bone Milling Temperature Operated by a Doctor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Heqiang Tian ◽  
Jingbo Pan ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Xiaoqing Dang ◽  
Bin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Milling Temperature ◽  
Cutting Modes

Bone milling is a common method in robot orthopedic surgery. However, excessive milling temperature will cause thermal necrosis of bone cells and tissues. It is necessary to carry out further research and analysis on the robot bone milling process considering the lamina milling skills of spinal surgeons and clinical practice to reduce the damage to bone cells and nearby tissues and obtain good cutting surface quality. Considering the randomness of milling parameters during operation, a prediction method of milling temperature model for ball milling cutter considering the doctor’s surgical skills was proposed based on response surface method. Because of material anisotropy and microstructure difference between the cortical bone and cancellous bone, this paper would analyze the influencing factors in different bone layers to establish the prediction model of milling temperature in the segments of cortical bone and cancellous bone. Also, the influence and distribution of milling parameters on temperature in three cutting modes such as parallel cutting mode, cross cutting mode, and vertical cutting mode in the cortical bone region were analyzed. The parameter sensitivity of the milling temperature prediction model was analyzed by the Sobol method, and the influence of the input parameters on the output milling temperature was analyzed quantitatively.

Fracture Mechanism and Fracture Toughness at the Interface Between Cortical and Cancellous Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Shitole ◽  
Arpan Gupta ◽  
Rajesh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Plastic Part ◽  
Edge Notch ◽  
Sample Width

The microstructure at the interface of cortical and cancellous bone is quite complicated. The fracture mechanisms at this location are necessary for understanding the comprehensive fracture of the whole bone. The goal of this study is to identify fracture toughness in terms of J integral and fracture mechanism at the interface between cortical and cancellous bone. For this purpose, single edge notch bend (SENB) specimens were prepared from bovine proximal femur according to ASTM-E399 standard. Bone samples were prepared such that half of the sample width consists of cortical bone and other half of the width was cancellous bone; this interfacial bone is referred as a corticellous bone. Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics was used to measure fracture toughness. The J integral (both elastic and plastic) was used to quantify the fracture toughness. The plastic part of J integral value (Jpl) of corticellous specimen was 9310 J m−2, and shown to be 27 times of the J integral of the elastic part (Jel), 341 J m−2. The total J integral of the corticellous bone was found to be 9651 J m−2, which is close to two times of the cortical bone, 4731 J m−2. This study observed that J integral of corticellous bone is higher than the cortical bone since more energy is required for plastic deformation of corticellous bone due to crack branches and slowdown at the interface between cortical and cancellous bone.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cortical Bone Thickness and Cancellous Bone Density at Dental Implant Sites in the Jawbone

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Shiuan-Hui Wang ◽  
Yen-Wen Shen ◽  
Lih-Jyh Fuh ◽  
Shin-Lei Peng ◽  
Ming-Tzu Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Dental Implant Surgery ◽  
Anterior Mandible

Dental implant surgery is a common treatment for missing teeth. Its survival rate is considerably affected by host bone quality and quantity, which is often assessed prior to surgery through dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dental CBCT was used in this study to evaluate dental implant sites for (1) differences in and (2) correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness among four regions of the jawbone. In total, 315 dental implant sites (39 in the anterior mandible, 42 in the anterior maxilla, 107 in the posterior mandible, and 127 in the posterior maxilla) were identified in dental CBCT images from 128 patients. All CBCT images were loaded into Mimics 15.0 to measure cancellous bone density (unit: grayscale value (GV) and cortical bone thickness (unit: mm)). Differences among the four regions of the jawbone were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s posttest. Pearson coefficients for correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness were also calculated for the four jawbone regions. The results revealed that the mean cancellous bone density was highest in the anterior mandible (722 ± 227 GV), followed by the anterior maxilla (542 ± 208 GV), posterior mandible (535 ± 206 GV), and posterior maxilla (388 ± 206 GV). Cortical bone thickness was highest in the posterior mandible (1.15 ± 0.42 mm), followed by the anterior mandible (1.01 ± 0.32 mm), anterior maxilla (0.89 ± 0.26 mm), and posterior maxilla (0.72 ± 0.19 mm). In the whole jawbone, a weak correlation (r = 0.133, p = 0.041) was detected between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness. Furthermore, except for the anterior maxilla (r = 0.306, p = 0.048), no correlation between the two bone parameters was observed (all p > 0.05). Cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness varies by implant site in the four regions of the jawbone. The cortical and cancellous bone of a jawbone dental implant site should be evaluated individually before surgery.

P74. Stiffening of cancellous bone by surrounding it with cortical bone

Bone ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
R Bryce ◽  
RM Aspden
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone

scholarly journals Defective cancellous bone structure and abnormal response to PTH in cortical bone of mice lacking Cx43 cytoplasmic C-terminus domain

Bone ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 632-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Pacheco-Costa ◽  
Hannah M. Davis ◽  
Chad Sorenson ◽  
Mary C. Hon ◽  
Iraj Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Abnormal Response ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure
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