Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone and Cancellous Bone Tissue

2001 ◽  
pp. 311-334 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone

scholarly journals A Logarithmic Formulation for Anisotropic Behavior Characterization of Bovine Cortical Bone Tissue in Long Bones Undergoing Uniaxial Compression at Different Speeds

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5045
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shokry ◽  
Hasan Mulki ◽  
Ghais Kharmanda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Failure Stress ◽  
Prosthesis Design ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Anisotropic Behavior ◽  
Tangential Directions

The mechanical properties of bone tissues change significantly within the bone body, since it is considered as a heterogeneous material. The characterization of bone mechanical properties is necessary for many studies, such as in prosthesis design. An experimental uniaxial compression study is carried out in this work on bovine cortical bone tissue in long bones (femur and tibia) at several speeds to characterize its anisotropic behavior. Several samples from different regions are taken, and the result selection is carried out considering the worst situations and failure modes. When considering different displacement rates (from 0.5 to 5 mm/min), three findings are reported: The first finding is that the behavior of bone tissues in radial and tangential directions are almost similar, which allows us to consider the transversal isotropic behavior under static loads as well as under dynamic loads. The second finding is that the failure stress values of the longitudinal direction is much higher than those of the radial and tangential directions at low displacement rates, while there is no big difference at the high displacement rates. The third finding is a new mathematical model that relates the dynamic failure stress with the static one, considering the displacement rates. This model is validated by experimental results. The model can be effectively used in reliability and optimization analysis in prosthesis design, such as hip prosthesis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Mechanical Anisotropy in Canine Bone Tissues of Various Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Changqi Luo ◽  
Junyi Liao ◽  
Zhenglin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

The effect of age on mechanical behavior and microstructure anisotropy of bone is often ignored by researchers engaged in the study of biomechanics. The objective of our study was to determine the variations in mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone with age and the mechanical anisotropy between the longitudinal and transverse directions. Twelve beagles divided into three age groups (6, 12, and 36 months) were sacrificed and all femurs were extracted. The longitudinal and transverse samples of cortical bone were harvested from three regions of diaphysis (proximal, central, and distal). A nanoindentation technique was used for simultaneously measuring force and displacement of a diamond tip pressed 2000nm into the hydrated bone tissue. An elastic modulus was calculated from the unloading curve with an assumed Poisson ratio of 0.3, while hardness was defined as the maximal force divided by the corresponding contact area. The mechanical properties of cortical bone were determined from 852 indents on two orthogonal cross-sectional surfaces. Mean elastic modulus ranged from 7.56±0.32 GPa up to 21.56±2.35 GPa, while mean hardness ranged from 0.28±0.057 GPa up to 0.84±0.072 GPa. Mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone tended to increase with age, but the magnitudes of these increase for each region might be different. The longitudinal mechanical properties were significantly higher than that of transverse direction (P<0.01). A significant anisotropy was found in the mechanical properties while there was no significant correlation between the two orthogonal directions in each age group (r2<0.3). Beyond that, the longitudinal mechanical properties of the distal region in each age group were lower than the proximal and central regions. Hence, mechanical properties in nanostructure of bone tissue must differ mainly among age, sample direction, anatomical sites, and individuals. These results may help a number of researchers develop more accurate constitutive micromechanics models of bone tissue in future studies.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-Lactide)-Based Composites for Hard Tissue Repairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2152-2155
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Biocompatible Materials ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Hard Tissue

The struggle in osteosynthesis continues with the search for more biocompatible materials to replace metallic scaffolds. Poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA), a biopolymer, was processed via melt-blending technique by blending chitosan and Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si powders with it in varying compositions at 290 oC. The microhardness values, compressive moduli and fracture toughness of the reinforced PLLA improved significantly while the resulting composites were found to be less tough than the unreinforced PLLA. Compressive moduli obtained were much lower than the modulus of cortical bone. They were, however, mechanically compatible with the properties of cancellous bone.

Errors Induced by Off-Axis Measurement of the Elastic Properties of Bone

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Turner ◽  
S. C. Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Transverse Isotropy ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Misalignment Angle ◽  
Elastic Symmetry ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Young’S Moduli

Misalignment between the axes of measurement and the material symmetry axes of bone causes error in anisotropic elastic property measurements. Measurements of Poisson’s ratio were strongly affected by misalignment errors. The mean errors in the measured Young’s moduli were 9.5 and 1.3 percent for cancellous and cortical bone, respectively, at a misalignment angle of 10 degrees. Mean errors of 1.1 and 5.0 percent in the measured shear moduli for cancellous and cortical bone, respectively, were found at a misalignment angle of 10 degrees. Although, cancellous bone tissue was assumed to have orthotropic elastic symmetry, the possibility of the greater symmetry of transverse isotropy was investigated. When the nine orthotropic elastic constants were forced to approximate the five transverse isotropic elastic constants, errors of over 60 percent were introduced. Therefore, it was concluded that cancellous bone is truly orthotropic and not transversely isotropic. A similar but less strong result for cortical bone tissue was obtained.

scholarly journals Mineralized bone loss at different sites in dialysis patients: implications for prevention.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
H C Schober ◽  
Z H Han ◽  
A J Foldes ◽  
M S Shih ◽  
D S Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Patient Groups

To characterize the magnitude and location of mineralized bone loss, 40 patients (20 men, 20 women, 29 white, 11 black) with clinically significant renal osteodystrophy who could be unambiguously classified based on histologic criteria as having osteitis fibrosa (OF; 20 cases) or osteomalacia (OM; 20 cases) were studied; they had been on maintenance hemodialysis for 4.6 +/- 3.0 yr. One hundred forty-two healthy women of similar age and ethnic composition served as control subjects. In all subjects, the proportions of mineralized bone, osteoid, and porosity (nonbone soft tissue) were measured separately in cortical and cancellous bone tissue, from intact full-thickness biopsies of the ilium, representative of the axial skeleton. The results were related to the volumes of cortical and cancellous bone tissue separately and to the volume of the entire biopsy core. Approximately three-quarters of the patients had measurements in the appendicular skeleton by single photon absorptiometry of the radius and morphometry of the metacarpal. Disease effects did not differ significantly between ethnic groups. Mineralized cortical bone volume (per unit of core volume) was reduced by approximately 45% in both patient groups. Mineralized cancellous bone volume was significantly increased by 36% in the patients with OF and nonsignificantly reduced by 9% in the patients with OM; however, the reduction in the latter patients was significant in relation to tissue volume. The combined total deficit for both types of iliac bone was approximately 20% in the patients with OF and approximately 40% in the patients with OM. Significant reductions in appendicular cortical bone were demonstrated in both patient groups at both measurement sites. Regardless of the current histologic classification, the major structural abnormality in the skeleton is generalized thinning of cortical bone due to increased net endocortical resorption, the most characteristic effect on bone of hyperparathyroidism. Protection of the skeleton from the adverse consequences of renal failure will require therapeutic intervention in patients with no symptoms of either renal or bone disease.

Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue Based on the CT and the µCT Slices

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Prášilová ◽  
Petr Marcián ◽  
David Krpalek ◽  
Kamil Řehák ◽  
Radomír Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Density Analysis

This article deals with presentation of data processing obtained from imaging CT (computer tomography) and micro CT devices. These methods enable to perform bone tissue density analysis by non-invasive way. The image processing methods, by which it is possible to determine mechanical properties of bone tissue, are described in this paper. Further, a creation of a computational model with different bone density of cancellous tissue is described and afterwards the stress strain analysis is performed. The mandible segments with different bone density were used as samples. Results show significantly higher stresses are reached in a cancellous bone tissue with worse bone quality.

scholarly journals Lactation-Induced Changes in the Volume of Osteocyte Lacunar-Canalicular Space Alter Mechanical Properties in Cortical Bone Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serra Kaya ◽  
Jelena Basta-Pljakic ◽  
Zeynep Seref-Ferlengez ◽  
Robert J Majeska ◽  
Luis Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunar

Development of porous and antimicrobial CTS–PEG–HAP–ZnO nano-composites for bone tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (120) ◽  
pp. 99385-99393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Bhowmick ◽  
Nilkamal Pramanik ◽  
Piyali Jana Manna ◽  
Tapas Mitra ◽  
Thirupathi Kumara Raja Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Osteoblast Cell

We have developed porous, antimicrobial, biodegradable, and pH and blood compatible CTS–PEG–HAP–ZnO nanocomposites having good mechanical properties and osteoblast cell proliferation abilities to mimic cancellous bone in bone tissue engineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document