Soil surfactant use on athletic field infield surfaces

This report describes runoff control facilities (five years after construction) which are basically an athletic field consisting of tennis courts, constructed in an area of about four hectares in Tokyo. The report is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the social background of the fact that the athletic field has come to have runoff control functions. The second part concerns the summary of these facilities, and then the last part relates to the effects of runoff control. Concerning the effects of the facilities, the return period of design rainfall for runoff control facilities is ten years, but stormwater has been stored on the tennis courts twice in five years after construction. Though these two cases of rainfall were very extraordinary, as the outcome of the inspection of the runoff control facilities we were able to confirm the effects of runoff control by means of simulating under the condition of those two cases of rainfall. In addition, we were able to confirm the effect of groundwater cultivation by means of researching the transition of the groundwater table.

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Cardiomyopathies: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7722

Author(s):

Tiziana Ciarambino ◽

Giovanni Menna ◽

Gennaro Sansone ◽

Mauro Giordano

Keyword(s):

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽

The United States ◽

Abrupt Onset ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Athletic Field ◽

Fibrofatty Tissue

Background: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by structural and functional alterations of the heart. Aims: The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the most important cardiomyopathies and their epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Clinical trials were identified by Pubmed until 30 March 2021. The search keywords were “cardiomyopathies, sudden cardiac arrest, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV), takotsubo syndrome”. Results: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common primary cardiomyopathy, with a prevalence of 1:500 persons. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a prevalence of 1:2500 and is the leading indication for heart transplantation. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common of the major cardiomyopathies, representing 2% to 5% of cases. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV) is a pathology characterized by the substitution of the myocardium by fibrofatty tissue. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is defined as an abrupt onset of left ventricular dysfunction in response to severe emotional or physiologic stress. Conclusion: In particular, it has been reported that HCM is the most important cause of sudden death on the athletic field in the United States. It is needless to say how important it is to know which changes in the heart due to physical activity are normal, and when they are pathological.

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ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE OF AN ATHLETIC FIELD IN JAPAN AND COMPARISON BETWEEN WET BULB TEMPERATURE AND WBGT (WET BULB GLOBE TEMPERATURE)

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jspfsm1949.39.120 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 120-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

SEIICHI NAKAI ◽

AKIRA YORIMOTO ◽

TAKETOSHI MORIMOTO

Keyword(s):

Environmental Temperature ◽

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽

Athletic Field ◽

Globe Temperature

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Impact of Brushing and Infill Maintenance on Field Safety of Third Generation Synthetic Turf

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020049034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Kyley Dickson ◽

John Sorochan ◽

William Strunk ◽

Taylor Williams

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Vital Role ◽

Third Generation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Split Plot ◽

Athletic Field ◽

The Impact ◽

Synthetic Turf

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of brushing and infill maintenance of third generation (3G) synthetic turf on field safety. A split-plot randomized complete block design was used with six different fiber pile heights, infill depths, and shock pad combinations subjected to 120 games in the summer of 2017 at the Center for Athletic Field Safety (CAFS) in Knoxville, TN, USA. Traffic was applied with a CAFS traffic simulator. Half of the plots received maintenance every 20 games with a rotating power broom and infill applied to those below manufacturer’s recommendations. All 3G synthetic turf systems required maintenance to the same degree, and maintenance was necessary to keep surface hardness of 3G synthetic turf systems consistent and acceptable. Overall, field safety and consistency increased in this study due to maintenance, thus suggesting brushing and infill maintenance plays a vital role in maintaining high performance on 3G synthetic fields.

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