Assessment of the process, nature and impact of rehabilitation for development of a moderniZation strategy for national irrigation systems in the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Liza F. Delos Reyes ◽  
Wilfredo P. David ◽  
Bart Schultz ◽  
Krishna Prasad
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Irrigation Systems

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of climate change on dependable flow and potential irrigable area using the SWAT model. The case of Maasin River watershed in Laguna, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Lanie A. Alejo ◽  
Victor B. Ella
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature brought about by climate change affect water resources availability for rice production areas. There are currently no published applications of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model on quantified effects of climate variability on irrigation service areas for rice production. The study assessed the impacts of climate change on dependable flow and potential irrigable areas of the Maasin River in Laguna, Philippines. Projected variations of rainfall and temperature in 2020 and 2050 developed using PRECIS model based on special report on emission scenarios were employed. The SWAT model was then used to simulate stream flow for each climate change scenario, from which dependable flows were quantified using flow duration analysis. Diversion water requirements for the rice areas in the watershed were determined using CROPWAT. Based on dependable flows and irrigation demand, the potential irrigable areas were estimated. Calibration and validation of the SWAT model showed satisfactory performance in stream flow simulations. The dependable flow in irrigation systems may decline by more than 50% in 2020 and by as much as 97% in 2050, because of seasonal changes in rainfall. In effect, the potential irrigable area may decrease to less than half of the current service area depending on the level of greenhouse gases emissions. SWAT water balance projections suggest surface runoff during wet seasons and increase annual groundwater recharge are possible sources of supplemental irrigation. Provisions of suitable storage reservoir facilities and groundwater development projects will alleviate water scarce conditions. The study demonstrated a technique that may be applied in other irrigation systems in the Philippines and in other countries to quantify the effects of climate change on dependable flows and potential irrigable areas. It can serve as an input to water resources planning and policy recommendations for climate change adaptation and risk reduction strategies. This technique can also be used to assess water resources in other perennial rivers and its viability for the development of new irrigation systems in the Philippines.

Government and Welfare in the New Republic: Indonesia in the 1950s

Itinerario ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Booth
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Export Industries

When Indonesia finally received de jure independence in December 1949, the infant republic faced a range of serious problems, but nowhere were the problems more pressing than in the field of economic policy. In contrast with the Philippines and India, where the USA and Britain had honoured previous commitments and granted independence in 1946 and 1947 respectively, the refusal of the Netherlands to recognise the 1945 declaration of independence had led to four years of bitter and destructive fighting. Infrastructure on Java and elsewhere, already damaged during the Japanese occupation, deteriorated further after 1945, and by the end of the decade most of the important export industries were producing only a small fraction of their pre-1942 output. Smallholder agricultural output in Java was also well below pre-1942 levels. De Vries observed that many seed farms had been destroyed, irrigation systems had not been maintained and “vast areas of hill country” had been damaged by soil erosion. In the final years of the Japanese occupation, the Japanese army commandeered large amounts of rice, while the widespread issue of Japanese banknotes caused mounting inflation. Food was scarce everywhere and those with little or no land were most severely hit; most demographers concur that the population actually declined in Java after 1943, indicating a sharp increase in mortality.

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice farming inputs: a cross-country assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. MARASENI ◽  
S. MUSHTAQ ◽  
J. MAROULIS
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Yield Increase

SUMMARYRegardless of the irrigation system deployed, rice production requires a variety of farm energy inputs. The present study estimated and compared greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice farming practices, resulting from various farm inputs and irrigation systems in Pakistan, the Philippines, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Australia and the USA. Results indicate that, on aggregate, emissions related to farm machinery, fuels, agrochemicals and animal labour accounted for 0·018, 0·307, 0·666 and 0·008, respectively. Emissions from tubewell irrigation systems were the highest, followed by canal and rainfed irrigation systems. Average emissions from all selected countries with tubewell irrigation systems were 1·64 times greater than canal irrigation systems and 2·64 times greater than rainfed irrigation systems. When considering GHG emission efficiencies (emissions/kg of rice yield), developing countries were found to be less efficient than developed countries in both canal and tubewell irrigation systems. The relationship between GHG emissions and rice yield was statistically significant (P<0·01), with results indicating that a yield increase of 100 kg would increase GHG emissions by 16·51 kg CO2e (kg carbon dioxide equivalent).

Disaster Medicine Training in the Philippines

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. S27
Author(s):  
Teodoro Javier Herbosa
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Medicine
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