Trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress symptoms among Syrian refugee youth in Jordan: Social support and gender as moderators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kliewer ◽  
Khalid A. Kheirallah ◽  
Caroline O. Cobb ◽  
Jomana W. Alsulaiman ◽  
Fawaz Mzayek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Gender

Sixty years later: post-traumatic stress symptoms and current psychopathology in former German children of World War II

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Kuwert ◽  
Carsten Spitzer ◽  
Anna Träder ◽  
Harald J. Freyberger ◽  
Michael Ermann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Trauma Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
German Children

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the amount of trauma impact, post-traumatic stress symptoms and current psychopathological distress in a sample of former German children of World War II.Methods: 93 participants were recruited through the local press, and assessed using the modified Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R).Results: Subjects reported a high qualitative and quantitative degree of trauma exposure. 13.8% reported PTSD-related symptoms after the war, and 10.8% reported current symptoms. PTSD symptoms after World War II were significantly correlated with current psychopathological distress.Conclusions: In line with other studies, our data document a high degree of trauma exposure during warchildhood. In comparison with other studies on PTSD in warchildren, there is a persisting high prevalence of war-associated PTSD symptoms in this sample. Despite some methodological limitations, our data underline the urgent need for further studies on the ageing group of former children of World War II.

Received Social Support and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in New Zealand and Philippine Emergency Responders

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Johnrev Guilaran ◽  
Ian De Terte ◽  
Krzysztof Kaniasty ◽  
Christine Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Main Effects

Introduction: Emergency responders are at risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study investigates the relationship between the different components of received social support (RSS) and PTSS in these occupations. Method: This cross-sectional study involved emergency responders from New Zealand and the Philippines (n=223). Participants answered an online questionnaire measuring social support and PTSS. Results: High amount of total received support was significantly associated with lower levels of PTSS. Analyses of RSS components revealed that co-worker, emotional, and tangible support exhibited salutary main effects on PTSS. Furthermore, high amounts of RSS from supervisors were found to be associated with low levels of PTSS only among participants who reported low trauma exposure. Discussion: Findings were congruent with the main effects model of RSS. Results also underscored the importance of investigating varied manifestations of social support as they may differentially influence the strength of effects of receiving social support by emergency responders.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms and trauma exposure in youth with first episode bipolar disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Strawn ◽  
Caleb M. Adler ◽  
David E. Fleck ◽  
Dennis Hanseman ◽  
Danielle K. Maue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Trauma Exposure, Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms, and Indices of Parenting

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095864
Author(s):  
Rachel Wamser-Nanney ◽  
Julia C. Sager
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Previous studies have reported that trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may increase the risk for parenting difficulties, yet it is not clear whether trauma exposure and PTSS independently contribute to parenting-related indices or whether there is an indirect effect of trauma exposure on parenting-related outcomes through PTSS. Further, the associations between PTSS and parenting outcomes utilizing the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM-5) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria are unknown. The aims of the current study were to determine: (a) whether trauma exposure and PTSS are related to parenting indices; (b) if trauma exposure is associated with parenting factors indirectly through PTSS; and (c) whether the DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters are each linked with parenting outcomes. Participants were 225 trauma-exposed parents ( Mage = 36.81; SD = 8.32) from a Midwestern University or Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Cumulative trauma had an indirect effect on parental satisfaction, support, involvement, limit-setting, and autonomy via PTSS. The specific PTSD symptom clusters also demonstrated distinct ties to parenting outcomes. Higher levels of alterations in reactivity and arousal symptoms were associated with lower parental support and satisfaction, as expected. Avoidance symptoms were also inversely related to parental autonomy. However, a positive relationship was noted between intrusion symptoms and support, and changes in cognitions and mood were unrelated to parenting indices. PTSS may better explain decrements in aspects of parenting than trauma exposure. Certain types of PTSD symptoms, particularly trauma-related changes in reactivity and arousal, may be relevant in understanding and improving parenting outcomes among trauma-exposed parents.

scholarly journals Using a biopsychosocial approach to examine differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms between Arab and Jewish Israeli mothers following a child’s traumatic medical event

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sewar Hussein ◽  
Yaara Sadeh ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Efrat Shadmi ◽  
Amichai Brezner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Parents of children following traumatic medical events (TMEs) are known to be at high risk for developing severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Findings on the negative impact of TMEs on parents’ PTSS have been described in different cultures and societies. Parents from ethnic minority groups may be at particularly increased risk for PTSS following their child’s TME due to a host of sociocultural characteristics. Yet, differences in PTSS manifestation between ethnic groups following a child’s TME has rarely been studied. Objectives We aimed to examine: (1) differences in PTSS between Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Jewish mothers, following a child’s TME, and (2) risk and protective factors affecting mother’s PTSS from a biopsychosocial approach. Methods Data were collected from medical files of children following TMEs, hospitalized in a Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, between 2008 and 2018. The sample included 47 Israeli-Arab mothers and 47 matched Israeli-Jewish mothers. Mothers completed the psychosocial assessment tool (PAT) and the post-traumatic diagnostic scale (PDS). Results Arab mothers perceived having more social support than their Jewish counterparts yet reported higher levels of PTSS compared to the Jewish mothers. Our prediction model indicated that Arab ethnicity and pre-trauma family problems predicted higher levels of PTSS among mothers of children following TMEs. Conclusions Despite reporting higher social support, Arab mothers reported higher levels of PTSS, as compared to the Jewish mothers. Focusing on ethnic and cultural differences in the effects of a child’s TME may help improve our understanding of the mental-health needs of mothers from different minority groups and aid in developing appropriate health services and targeted interventions for this population.

scholarly journals Stress-induced change in salience network coupling prospectively predicts trauma-related symptoms.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Reinoud Kaldewaij ◽  
Mahur M Hashemi ◽  
Saskia B.J. Koch ◽  
Annika Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Substantial individual differences exist in how acute stress affects large-scale neurocognitive networks, including Salience (SN), Default Mode (DMN) and Central Executive Networks (CEN). These network-level changes upon acute stress may predict vulnerability to long-term stress effects, which can only be tested in prospective longitudinal studies. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated whether the magnitude of acute-stress induced functional connectivity changes (delta-FC) predicts the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a relatively resilient group of young police recruits that are known to be at high risk for trauma-exposure. Using resting-state fMRI, we measured acute-stress induced delta-FC in 190 police recruits before (baseline) and after trauma exposure during repeated emergency aid services (16-month follow-up). Delta-FC was then linked to the changes in perceived stress levels (PSS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PCL and CAPS). Weakened connectivity between the SN and DMN core regions upon acute stress induction at baseline predicted longitudinal increases in perceived stress level but not of post-traumatic stress symptoms, whereas increased coupling between the overall SN and anterior cerebellum was observed in participants with higher clinician-rated PTSD symptoms, particularly intrusion levels. All effects remained significant when controlling for trauma exposure-levels and cortisol stress-reactivity. Except these neural effects, neither hormonal nor subjective measures were relevant. The reconfiguration of large-scale neural networks upon acute stress induction is relevant for assessing and detecting risk and resilience factors for PTSD. This study highlights the SN connectivity-changes as a potential marker for trauma-related symptom-development, which is sensitive even in a relatively resilient sample.

scholarly journals Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seedat ◽  
C. Nyamai ◽  
F. Njenga ◽  
B. Vythilingum ◽  
D. J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
South African ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundThere is a lack of comparative data on the prevalence and effects of exposure to violence in African youth.AimsWe assessed trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress symptoms and gender differences in adolescents from two African countries.MethodA sample of 2041 boys and girls from 18 schools in Cape Town and Nairobi completed anonymous self-report questionnaires.ResultsMore than 80% reported exposure to severe trauma, either as victims or witnesses. Kenyan adolescents, compared with South African, had significantly higher rates of exposure to witnessing violence (69% v. 58%), physical assault by a family member (27% v. 14%) and sexual assault (18% v. 14%). But rates of current full-symptom post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (22.2% v. 5%) and current partial-symptom PTSD (12% v. 8%) were significantly higher in the South African sample. Boys were as likely as girls to meet PTSD symptom criteria.ConclusionsAlthough the lifetime exposure to trauma was comparable across both settings, Kenyan adolescents had much lower rates of PTSD. This difference may be attributable to cultural and other trauma-related variables. High rates of sexual assault and PTSD, traditionally documented in girls, may also occur in boys and warrant further study.

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