Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction: a review

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2815-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. A. Kinnell
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Raindrop Impact

The role of the geometry and frequency of rectangular rills in the relationship between sediment concentration and stream power

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fentie ◽  
C. W. Rose ◽  
K. J. Coughlan ◽  
C. A. A. Ciesiolka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Raindrop Impact

We examined, both experimentally and theoretically, whether rilling results in higher soil erosion than would have occurred without rilling. The possibility of rilling occurs when overland flow-driven erosion processes are dominant over erosion due to raindrop impact, and that is the situation assumed in this paper. Stream power (or a quantity related to stream power such as shear stress) is commonly used to describe the driving variable in flow-driven erosion. Five flume experiments were designed to investigate the relationship between stream power and sediment concentration and how this relationship is affected by the ratio of width to depth of flow (r), and the frequency or number of rills per metre width (N) of rectangular rills. This paper presents the results of these experiments and uses a physically based soil erosion theory to show that the results of the 5 flume experiments are in accord with this theory. This theory is used to investigate the effect of all possible rectangular rill geometries and frequencies on the maximum possible sediment concentration, i.e. the sediment concentration at the transport limit, by developing general relationships for the influence of r and N on sediment concentration. It is shown that increased stream power, which can be due to rilling, does not necessarily result in higher sediment concentration.

USING FALLOUT AND IN SITU RADIONUCLIDES TO UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF A LARGE TROPICAL CYCLONE ON EROSION PROCESSES ON CARIBBEAN ISLANDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda H. Schmidt ◽  
◽  
Melinda Quock ◽  
Alexandra Grande ◽  
Lee B. Corbett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Erosion Processes

scholarly journals Analyzing Regional Geographic Challenges: The Resilience of Chinese Vineyards to Land Degradation Using a Societal and Biophysical Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Land degradation, especially soil erosion, is a societal issue that affects vineyards worldwide, but there are no current investigations that inform specifically about soil erosion rates in Chinese vineyards. In this review, we analyze this problem and the need to avoid irreversible damage to soil and their use from a regional point of view. Information about soil erosion in vineyards has often failed to reach farmers, and we can affirm that to this time, soil erosion in Chinese vineyards has been more of a scientific hypothesis than an agronomic or environmental concern. Two hypotheses can be presented to justify this review: (i) there are no official and scientific investigations on vineyard soil erosion in China as the main topic, and it may be understood that stakeholders do not care about this or (ii) there is a significant lack of information and motivation among farmers, policymakers and wineries concerning the consequences of soil erosion. Therefore, this review proposes a plan to study vineyard soil erosion processes for the first time in China and develop a structured scientific proposal considering different techniques and strategies. To achieve these goals, we present a plan considering previous research on other viticultural regions. We hypothesize that the results of a project from a regional geographic point of view would provide the necessary scientific support to facilitate deriving guidelines for sustainable vineyard development in China. We concluded that after completing this review, we cannot affirm why vine plantations have not received the same attention as other crops or land uses.

scholarly journals Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuele Morrone ◽  
Fabio Ietto
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

AbstractThis contribution focuses on a multidisciplinary research showing the geomorphological evolution and the beach sand composition of the Tyrrhenian shoreline between Capo Suvero promontory and Gizzeria Lido village (Calabria, southern Italy). The aim of the geomorphological analysis was to reconstruct the evolutionary shoreline stages and the present-day sedimentary dynamics along approximately 6 km of coastline. The results show a general trend of beach nourishment during the period 1870–2019. In this period, the maximum shoreline accretion value was estimated equal to + 900 m with an average rate of + 6.5 m/yr. Moreover, although the general evolutionary trend is characterized by a remarkable accretion, the geomorphological analysis highlighted continuous modifications of the beaches including erosion processes. The continuous beach modifications occurred mainly between 1953 and 1983 and were caused mainly by human activity in the coastal areas and inside the hydrographic basins. The beach sand composition allowed an assessment of the mainland petrological sedimentary province and its dispersal pattern of the present coastal dynamics. Petrographic analysis of beach sands identified a lithic metamorphi-clastic petrofacies, characterized by abundant fine-grained schists and phyllites sourced from the crystalline terrains of the Coastal Range front and carried by the Savuto River. The sand is also composed of a mineral assemblage comparable to that of the Amato River provenance. In terms of framework detrital constituents of QFL (quartz:feldspars:aphanitic lithic fragments) and of essential extraclasts, such as granitoid:sedimentary:metamorphic phaneritic rock fragments (Rg:Rs:Rm), sand maturity changes moderately from backshore to shoreface, suggesting that transport processes had a little effect on sand maturity. Moreover, the modal composition suggests that the Capo Suvero promontory does not obstruct longshore sand transport from the north. Indeed, sands displaced by currents driven by storm-wave activity bypass this rocky headland.

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