Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Kendall ◽  
Steven R. Silva ◽  
Valerie J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

scholarly journals Trends in Soil Quality Under High Tunnels

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1534-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon J.B. Knewtson ◽  
Rhonda Janke ◽  
M.B. Kirkham ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Edward E. Carey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
High Tunnels

Growers have indicated that changes in soil quality under production in high tunnels is an important problem, but these have not yet been quantified or critically assessed in the central Great Plains of the United States. We conducted surveys of grower perceptions of soil quality in their tunnels (n = 81) and compared selected soil quality indicators (salinity and particulate organic matter carbon) under high tunnels of varying ages with those of adjacent fields at sites in Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and Iowa in the United States. Fourteen percent of growers surveyed considered soil quality to be a problem in their high tunnels, and there were significant correlations between grower perceptions of soil quality problems and reported observations of clod formation and surface crusting and to a lesser extent surface mineral deposition. Grower perception of soil quality and grower observation of soil characteristics were not related to high tunnel age. Soil surface salinity was elevated in some high tunnels compared with adjacent fields but was not related to time under the high tunnel. In the soil upper 5 cm, salinity in fields did not exceed 2 dS·m−1 and was less than 2 dS·m−1 under 74% of high tunnels and less than 4 dS·m−1 in 97% of high tunnels. The particulate organic matter carbon fraction was higher in high tunnels than adjacent fields at 73% of locations sampled. Particulate organic matter carbon measured 0.11 to 0.67 g particulate organic matter per g of the total carbon under high tunnels sampled. Particulate organic matter carbon in the soil was also not correlated to age of high tunnel. Soil quality as measured in this study was not negatively impacted by use of high tunnel structures over time.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen isoscape of particulate organic matter in the East China Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 102667
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Ho ◽  
Noboru Okuda ◽  
Chih-Fu Yeh ◽  
Pei-Ling Wang ◽  
Gwo-Ching Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
China Sea

Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Water Uses

<em>Abstract</em>.—Litigation regarding reservoir management is increasingly common. I used a range of examples in the United States to show that such litigation is generally ineffective and that most stakeholders can achieve better results through negotiated solutions. This article provides a brief introduction to this type of litigation and illustrates some of its basic limitations. Examples are drawn from several recent interstate disputes of the United States.

Geochemical Partitioning of Metals in Spent Drilling Fluid Solids

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Deuel ◽  
G. H. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxide

Metals in oil and gas fluids have been of concern to the environmental and industrial communities since 1976. As a result, metals in 31 spent drilling fluids representative of the major oil and gas production provinces in the Continental United States, were fractionated into exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual forms using a sequential extraction (summation of fractions) technique. Bioavailability and mobility of metals in solid matrices follow in sequence of the operational defined fractions with chemical reactivity decreasing in the order of exchangeable > bound to carbonate > bound to Fe-Mn oxide > bound to organic matter > residual fractions. Metals evaluated in this study include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc. The summation of fractions was compared to independent total metals analysis using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) SW-846 Method 3050 digest procedure to evaluate metal recoveries. No difference was observed in the summation of fractions and EPA Method 3050 total metal values for arsenic, barium, and cadmium. EPA Method 3050 digest was about 28 percent lower in chromium, and about 19 percent lower in lead and 16 percent lower in zinc than the total by summation of fractions. Almost all of the barium (95.6 percent) was recovered in the residual fraction. Arsenic was recovered primarily in the residual fraction (74.3 percent) and the Fe-Mn oxide fraction (16.1 percent). The highest quantity of cadmium was recovered in the residual fraction (43.3 percent), followed by the bound to organic (27.9 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (21.1 percent) fractions. Chromium was observed primarily in the residual (40.4 percent) and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (34 percent) fractions. Lead was distributed primarily in the bound to Fe-Mn oxide (49.3 percent), and residual (27 percent) fractions. Zinc was almost equally distributed in the bound to organic (36.2 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (33.1 percent) fractions. Cadmium (3.9 percent) and arsenic (2.7 percent) were the only metals with an exchangeable fraction >1 percent of the total. Low total and/or low exchangeable metal concentrations ultimately control the bioavailability and mobility of metals in spent drilling solids and limit the potential for an adverse impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Horseradish Production in Illinois

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wahle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
High Organic Matter ◽  
Future Production

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a hardy perennial that is grown for its white, fleshy, and pungent roots. Illinois leads the United States in production of horseradish, with ≈1500 acres and an annual farm-gate value of about $10 million, with most processed and added as an ingredient to various commercially produced condiments. Horseradish in Illinois is primarily grown in the Mississippi River Valley region adjacent to St. Louis due to the well-drained, deep friable, high organic matter, moist loam soils that are present in this area. Most of the production is located in Madison and St. Claire counties. This region of southwestern Illinois has been producing horseradish commercially for over 150 years. This review provides an overview of the basics of horseradish production in Illinois, including propagation, cultivars, planting, cultivation, fertilization, pest management, harvest, grading, storage, and marketing. Horseradish is one of the most important specialty crops grown in Illinois, and current and future production concerns are also discussed.

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