scholarly journals Horseradish Production in Illinois

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wahle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
High Organic Matter ◽  
Future Production

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a hardy perennial that is grown for its white, fleshy, and pungent roots. Illinois leads the United States in production of horseradish, with ≈1500 acres and an annual farm-gate value of about $10 million, with most processed and added as an ingredient to various commercially produced condiments. Horseradish in Illinois is primarily grown in the Mississippi River Valley region adjacent to St. Louis due to the well-drained, deep friable, high organic matter, moist loam soils that are present in this area. Most of the production is located in Madison and St. Claire counties. This region of southwestern Illinois has been producing horseradish commercially for over 150 years. This review provides an overview of the basics of horseradish production in Illinois, including propagation, cultivars, planting, cultivation, fertilization, pest management, harvest, grading, storage, and marketing. Horseradish is one of the most important specialty crops grown in Illinois, and current and future production concerns are also discussed.

Facing Combat

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-139
Author(s):  
Amy Murrell Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Mississippi River Valley ◽  
United States Colored Troops ◽  
Women And Children

This chapter follows Eliza Bogan’s journey, and those of many thousands more, as they moved through the Mississippi River valley during the tumultuous years of 1863 and 1864. It begins with Bogan’s flight to the refugee camp in Helena, Arkansas, where her third husband, Silas Small, had gone to enlist in a regiment of the United States Colored Troops. But the upheaval of combat violence, especially during the 1863 Vicksburg Campaign, pushed Bogan and thousands of other refugees out of Helena and into other parts of the Mississippi River valley. The chapter then describes Bogan’s decision to join her husband’s regiment as a laundress and argues that positions like these opened up room for women in the Union army’s combat apparatus. This, along with the Union’s decision to resettle women and children on leased plantations in the region, as workers but also as occupiers of those plantations, reveals how deeply embedded all formerly enslaved people were in formal combat -- and in the Union army’s determined effort to defeat their former owners.

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