Water recovery rate and isotopic signature of cryogenic vacuum extracted spiked soil water following oven‐drying at different temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyi Wen ◽  
Bingcheng Si ◽  
Yanwei Lu ◽  
Hongxiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Cryogenic Vacuum ◽  
Different Temperatures

scholarly journals Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Diego Planeta ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Rosa Palmeri ◽  
Aldo Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Final Water Content ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

“Single Value” Soil Properties: A Study of the Significance of Certain Soil Constants. V. On the Changes Produced in a Soil by Oven Drying (With One Text-figure.)

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. H. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Smooth Curves ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Satisfactory Degree ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Text Figure ◽  
Soil Colloids

1. It is shown that results for the loss in weight of a soil on oven heating can be obtained to a very satisfactory degree of accuracy when a Hearson electrically controlled oven is used.2. Results obtained by heating soils to temperatures ranging from 5° to 250° give smooth curves connecting loss in weight with rise in temperature; from which it is concluded that there is no sudden alteration in the structure of a soil when it is heated to 100°, and that the airdry moisture of a soil, as determined with sufficient accuracy by the usual methods, is a convenient empirical factor, but not a representation of any fundamental soil property.3. An examination is made of the factors contributing to the observed total loss in weight when the soil is heated, and an explanation offered of the contributions made by the different types of soil water and by the soil colloids. It is found that the conclusions drawn from this discussion confirm views developed earlier with regard to the behaviour of the water in the soil, and the absence of any sharp dividing line between the different classes into which the soil water is usually divided.

High Water Recovery Rate Seawater Desalination System

MEMBRANE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Kotaro Kitamura ◽  
Yasutaka Kondo ◽  
Takanori Oshikiri
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Seawater Desalination

scholarly journals Diurnal variation in xylem water isotopic signature biases depth of root-water uptake estimates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes De Deurwaerder ◽  
Marco D. Visser ◽  
Matteo Detto ◽  
Pascal Boeckx ◽  
Félicien Meunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
List Type

SummaryStable water isotopes are a powerful and widely used tool to derive the depth of root water uptake (RWU) in lignified plants. Uniform xylem water isotopic signature (i-H2O-xyl) along the length of a lignified plant is a central assumption, which has never been properly evaluated.Here we studied the effects of diurnal variation in RWU, sap flow velocity and various other soil and plant parameters on i-H2O-xyl signature within a plant using a mechanistic plant hydraulic model.Our model predicts significant variation in i-H2O-xyl along the full length of an individual plant arising from diurnal RWU fluctuations and vertical soil water heterogeneity. Moreover, significant differences in i-H2O-xyl emerge between individuals with different sap flow velocities. We corroborated our model predictions with field observations from French Guiana and northwestern China. Modelled i-H2O-xyl varied considerably along stem length ranging up to 18.3‰ in δ2H and 2.2‰ in δ18O, largely exceeding the range of measurement error.Our results show clear violation of the fundamental assumption of uniform i-H2O-xyl and occurrence of significant biases when using stable isotopes to assess RWU. As a solution, we propose to include monitoring of sap flow and soil water potential for more robust RWU depth estimates.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange of Citrus Seedlings at Different Temperatures, Vapor-pressure Deficits, and Soil Water Contents

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brakke ◽  
L.H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Water Contents

Midday reductions of stomatal conductance and carbon dioxide assimilation rates (Aco2) in Citrus are typically attributed to large leaf-to-air vapor-pressure differences or high atmospheric vapor-pressure deficits (VPD). This study investigated air temperature (Ta) and available soil water (ASW) level as corollary factors of atmospheric VPD that influence midday reduction of net gas exchange in citrus leaves. The influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 under conditions that inhibit net canopy Aco2 was also investigated. Net canopy Aco2 and evapotranspiration rates of Carrizo citrange [Poncirus trifoliata Raf × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and Swingle citrumelo (P. trifoliata Raf × C. paradisii Macf.) seedlings grown in outdoor controlled-environment growth chambers were measured under two levels of Ta with concomitant changes in VPD and two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration, which were changed in steps over time. Cyclical depletion of ASW was allowed to occur at each set of Ta/VPD and CO2 combinations. Highest net canopy Ace, rates at ambient CO2 concentration (330 μmol·mol-1) were obtained at the low Ta/VPD level (29C/2.4 kPa) and ASW >50%. Diurnal canopy CO2 uptake rates decreased at the high Ta/VPD level (37C/3.6 kPa), and midday depression of canopy Aco2 was observed at ASW levels <50%. Net canopy Aco2 decreased at higher levels of ASW under the high Ta/VPD treatment than at the low Ta/VPD treatment. At the elevated CO2 concentration (840 μmol·mol-1) net canopy CO2 uptake rates were double those that occurred at ambient CO2 levels and they did not exhibit midday reduction. Our data indicate that, when soil water is not readily available, citrus seedlings are more sensitive to high levels of Ta and VPD which results in reduction of CO2 uptake. The inhibitory effects of elevated VPD and reduced ASW on citrus net Aco2 were lessened at the elevated atmospheric CO2 level.

Sustainable development for zero-wastewater-discharge reproduction planning under quantitative and qualitative information

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wei Lin ◽  
Shiou-Yun Jeng ◽  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Wai Peng Wong
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the wastewater discharge and a zero-wastewater-discharge (ZWD) reproduction plan is designed for a paper mill in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model of ZWD reproduction planning is established using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and Taguchi method to determine the overall wastewater recovery rate. Still the prior studies failed to address a systematic approach to optimize the waste water recovery rate. Findings The optimal solution for clean water is 500 tons, recovery electrodialysis reversal is 345 tons, the wastewater reuse performance is 1.3 and waste heat recycling performance is 0.8, the larger number is performed well. The results shows that the maximum overall waste water recovery rate is 97.8 percent. Originality/value A paper mill is strived for improving their sustainable development. In real situation, there is a need to address the qualitative information and qualitative data to carry out the optimal ZWD reproduction planning.

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