On the use of leaf water to determine plant water source: A proof of concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benettin ◽  
Magali F. Nehemy ◽  
Lucas A. Cernusak ◽  
Ansgar Kahmen ◽  
Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Plant Water Source

scholarly journals Potential effects of cryogenic extraction biases on inferences drawn from xylem water deuterium isotope ratios: case studies using stable isotopes to infer plant water sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Allen ◽  
James W. Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Cryogenic Vacuum ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
End Members ◽  
Plant Water Source ◽  
Plant Water Sources ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Recent studies have demonstrated that plant and soilwater extraction techniques can introduce biases and uncertainties in stable isotope analyses. Here we show how recently documented δ2H biases resulting from cryogenic vacuum distillation of water from xylem tissues may have influenced the conclusions of five previous studies, including ours, that have used δ2H to infer plant water sources. Cryogenic extraction biases that reduce xylem water δ2H will also introduce an artifactual evaporation signal in dual-isotope (δ2H vs. δ18O) analyses. Calculations that estimate the composition of the source precipitation of xylem waters by compensating for their apparent evaporation will amplify the bias in δ2H, and also introduce new biases in the δ18O of the inferred pre-evaporation source precipitation. Cryogenic extraction biases may substantially alter plant water source attributions if the spread in δ2H among the potential end members is relatively narrow. By contrast, if the spread in δ2H among the potential end members is relatively wide, the impact of cryogenic extraction biases will be less pronounced, and thus suggestions that these biases universally invalidate inferences drawn from plant water δ2H are unwarranted. Nonetheless, until reliable correction factors for cryogenic extraction biases become available, their potential impact should be considered in studies using xylem water isotopes.

scholarly journals A method to determine plant water source using transpired water

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 863-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Menchaca ◽  
B. M. Smith ◽  
J. Connolly ◽  
M. Conrad ◽  
B. Emmett
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Source

scholarly journals Evidence for distinct isotopic compositions of sap and tissue water in tree stems: consequences for plant water source identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Barbeta ◽  
Régis Burlett ◽  
Paula Martín‐Gómez ◽  
Bastien Fréjaville ◽  
Nicolas Devert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Plant Water Source

Visual estimation of plant water status in cereals

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Breeding Programmes

SummaryThe potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Drought Mitigation

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of coconut are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to drought mitigation and irrigation practices. Background information on the centres of origin and production of coconut and on crop development processes is followed by reviews of plant water relations, crop water use and water productivity, including drought mitigation. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Brazil, Kerala (South India) and Sri Lanka, and by CIRAD (France) in association with local research organizations in a number of countries, including the Ivory Coast. The unique vegetative structure of the palm (stem and leaves) together with the long interval between flower initiation and the harvesting of the mature fruit (44 months) mean that causal links between environmental factors (especially water) are difficult to establish. The stomata play an important role in controlling water loss, whilst the leaf water potential is a sensitive indicator of plant water status. Both stomatal conductance and leaf water potential are negatively correlated with the saturation deficit of the air. Although roots extend to depths >2 m and laterally >3 m, the density of roots is greatest in the top 0–1.0 m soil, and laterally within 1.0–1.5 m of the trunk. In general, dwarf cultivars are more susceptible to drought than tall ones. Methods of screening for drought tolerance based on physiological traits have been proposed. The best estimates of the actual water use (ETc) of mature palms indicate representative rates of about 3 mm d−1. Reported values for the crop coefficient (Kc) are variable but suggest that 0.7 is a reasonable estimate. Although the sensitivity of coconut to drought is well recognized, there is a limited amount of reliable data on actual yield responses to irrigation although annual yield increases (50%) of 20–40 nuts palm−1 (4–12 kg copra, cultivar dependent) have been reported. These are only realized in the third and subsequent years after the introduction of irrigation applied at a rate equivalent to about 2 mm d−1 (or 100 l palm−1 d−1) at intervals of up to one week. Irrigation increases female flower production and reduces premature nut fall. Basin irrigation, micro-sprinklers and drip irrigation are all suitable methods of applying water. Recommended methods of drought mitigation include the burial of husks in trenches adjacent to the plant, mulching and the application of common salt (chloride ions). An international approach to addressing the need for more information on water productivity is recommended.

scholarly journals The importance of cuticular permeance in assessing plant water–use strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
Matthew Lanning ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Kimberly A Novick
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stomatal Control ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Accurate understanding of plant responses to water stress is increasingly important for quantification of ecosystem carbon and water cycling under future climates. Plant water-use strategies can be characterized across a spectrum of water stress responses, from tight stomatal control (isohydric) to distinctly less stomatal control (anisohydric). A recent and popular classification method of plant water-use strategies utilizes the regression slope of predawn and midday leaf water potentials, σ, to reflect the coupling of soil water availability (predawn leaf water potential) and stomatal dynamics (daily decline in leaf water potential). This type of classification is important in predicting ecosystem drought response and resiliency. However, it fails to explain the relative stomatal responses to drought of Acer sacharrum and Quercus alba, improperly ranking them on the spectrum of isohydricity. We argue this inconsistency may be in part due to the cuticular conductance of different species. We used empirical and modeling evidence to show that plants with more permeable cuticles are more often classified as anisohydric; the σ values of those species were very well correlated with measured cuticular permeance. Furthermore, we found that midday leaf water potential in species with more permeable cuticles would continue to decrease as soils become drier, but not in those with less permeable cuticles. We devised a diagnostic parameter, Γ, to identify circumstances where the impact of cuticular conductance could cause species misclassification. The results suggest that cuticular conductance needs to be considered to better understand plant water-use strategies and to accurately predict forest responses to water stress under future climate scenarios.

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