ThalInd , a β‐thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies database for India: defining a model country‐specific and disease‐centric bioinformatics resource

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Sinha ◽  
Michael L. Black ◽  
Sarita Agarwal ◽  
Reena Das ◽  
Alan H. Bittles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioinformatics Resource ◽  
Country Specific

Are the Fama and French Factors Global or Country Specific?

CFA Digest ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Frank T. Magiera
Keyword(s):  
Fama And French ◽  
Country Specific

A Comprehensive Review of Regulatory Requirements and Registration Process of Pharmaceutical Drug Products in CIS Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Kapil Pihwal ◽  
Neelam Pawar ◽  
Sheikh Aamir ◽  
Mohammad Shahbaz Alam ◽  
Vikas Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Regulatory Organization ◽  
Country Specific

Background: The CIS region has a potential market for India. The registration of the drug products in CIS regions is a challenging task because these countries have no harmonized regulatory organization. The CIS region includes 12 countries such as Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Moldova, which require different regulatory guidelines for medicinal product registration as per their FDA guidelines. The different guidelines for the same region become a challenging task for the manufacturer and exporter. The registration of the same product for different countries of CIS is not possible with the same dossier due to the lack of their regulatory harmonization. These countries obey their country-specific dossier format, so to target these market manufacturers and exporters needs to submit different dossier documents for different countries. But Ukraine and Kazakhstan have harmonization and it varies in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Ukraine and Kazakhstan are also imposing strict rules and expecting USFDA level documents for approval. Conclusion: The overall conclusion is that harmonization in CIS is highly imbalanced, which affects both time and cost for product registration. Harmonization is the need of the era for easy product registration, and it will be beneficial for the manufacturer, regulator, importer, exporter, and to access medicines of high public health value.

scholarly journals Country-specific dietary shifts to mitigate climate and water crises

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 101926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent F. Kim ◽  
Raychel E. Santo ◽  
Allysan P. Scatterday ◽  
Jillian P. Fry ◽  
Colleen M. Synk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Country Specific

Access to Justice for National Minorities – A Recurrent Theme in the Work of the osce High Commissioner on National Minorities

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Hadirca
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Country Specific

This article provides an overview of the work of the osce hcnm on issues of access to justice for national minorities, based on a review of relevant thematic recommendations, country-specific advice, official statements, as well as other activities, projects and engagements of the hcnm. The article analyses how the hcnm’s specific mandate – as a political institution tasked to prevent inter-ethnic conflict, operating primarily through “quiet diplomacy” – has shaped its approach to human and minority rights, and to access to justice issues in particular. The overview shows that throughout the years, access to justice has become a recurrent, if at times tangential, theme for the institution. Overall, the article seeks to distil the general hcnm approach to access to justice issues as it was conveyed through a variety of thematic recommendations and guidelines, specific advice and other relevant engagements, undertaken in the course of the two-and-a-half decades of the institution’s existence.

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

The emergence of a new phonological feature in Pakistan English

English Today ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nasir A. Syed ◽  
Shah Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Phonological Feature ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Learning English

English is used as a lingua franca in most parts of the world (Ozaki, 2011). However, problems and issues related to learning English are country specific (Nagamine, 2011), because most of the difficulties in foreign language learning arise from L1 interference (Flege, 1995). Since this study focuses on acoustic analysis of a phonological feature of Pakistan English (PakE), we outline the historical background of the issue very briefly. Pakistan is a linguistically rich country. More than 70 languages are spoken in Pakistan (Rahman, 1996). Saraiki, Balochi, Sindhi, Punjabi and Pashto are the major indigenous languages of the country. More than 90% of the total population speaks these languages. Pakistan came into being in 1947. It inherited English as a language of education, law, the judiciary and media from the British colonial masters. The British rulers also used the English language in India for official correspondence. Therefore, English became a very effective tool and symbol of power in the subcontinent. As a result, people of the subcontinent feel pride in learning English. Although the colonial period has ended and the English rulers have departed to their homeland, English still remains the language of ruling elite in Pakistan and India.

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