Impacts of Synchronous Combustion of Small Amounts of Coal Particles with Natural Gas on Enhancing Radiative Characteristic and NO x Flame Pollutant Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Pourhoseini ◽  
H. Behzadan ◽  
S. Nikkar ◽  
M. Moghiman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Radiative Characteristic ◽  
Coal Particles

scholarly journals Unregulated Emissions from Natural Gas Taxi Based on IVE Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Liang Mu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Junzheng Qiu ◽  
Chuanlong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Localization Model ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Unregulated Emissions ◽  
Ive Model

Emissions from motor vehicles have gained the attention of government agencies. To alleviate air pollution and reduce the petroleum demand from vehicles in China, the policy of “oil to gas” was vigorously carried out. Qingdao began to promote the use of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in 2003. By the end of 2016, there were 9460 natural gas (NG) taxis in Qingdao, which accounted for 80% of the total taxis. An understanding of policy implementation for emission reductions is required. Experiments to obtain the taxi driving conditions and local parameters were investigated and an international vehicle emissions (IVE) localization model was established. Combined with vehicle mass analysis system (VMAS) experiments, the IVE localization model was amended and included the taxi pollutant emission factors. The result indicates that annual total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from actual taxis are 6411.87 t, carbureted hydrogen (HC) emissions are 124.85 t, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are 1397.44 t and particulate matter (PM) emissions are 8.9 t. When the taxis are running on pure natural gas, the annual emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM are 4942.3 t, 48.15 t, 1496.01 t and 5.13 t, respectively. Unregulated emissions of annual total formaldehydes, benzene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadience emissions from an actual taxi are 65.99 t, 4.68 t, 1.04 t and 8.83 t. When the taxi is running on pure natural gas, the above unregulated emissions are 12.11 t, 1.27 t, 1.5 t and 0.02 t, respectively.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of a Regional Water–Energy–Food System Considering Environmental Constraints: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6834
Author(s):  
Junfei Chen ◽  
Tonghui Ding ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Huimin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Food System ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Programming

Water, energy, and food, as the basic material resources of human production and life, play a prominent role in social and economic development. As the imbalance between the supply and demand of water, energy, and food increases, a highly sensitive and fragile relationship gradually forms among water, energy, and food. In this paper, Inner Mongolia in China is selected as a research area. Firstly, synergy theory is applied to establish the framework of a water–energy–food system. Then, a multi-objective programming model is constructed, where the objective functions are defined to minimize the integrated deviation degree and pollutant emissions of the water–energy–food system. Meanwhile, maximization of the water benefit, energy production, and food production is also considered. In addition, the model takes economy, environment, water, energy, and food as constraints. Finally, a genetic algorithm is designed for accurately assessing the most promising results. The results show that the cooperation degree of the water–energy–food system in Inner Mongolia is getting better and better, and the pollutant emission from the water–energy–food system is decreasing. In 2020, the proportion of agricultural water consumption fell by 1%, while that of industrial water consumption rose by 0.48%. The production of coal, natural gas, and power are all showing an increasing trend. Among them, the increase of natural gas production is as high as 38,947,730 tons of standard coal. However, the proportions of coal, natural gas, and power change inconsistently, where the proportions of coal and natural gas increase while that of power decreases. Corn production accounts for more than 80% of the total, which is in the eldest brother position in the food industry structure. Besides, there are differences between the planned values and optimal values of decision variables. Finally, suggestions are put forward to improve the sustainable development of water–energy–food in Inner Mongolia.

Study on Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas and the Application in Pottery Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1700-1704
Author(s):  
Xue Yan Wang ◽  
Li Qiang Zhu ◽  
Shi Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pottery Industry

By doing inside the catalytic combustion furnace with Pd-based honeycomb monoliths of lean natural gas-air mixtures and measuring temperature field and the composition of flue gas, the exhaust gas of Low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas can be analyzed and discussed. In addition, the catalytic combustion furnace in the pottery was also investigated, which can reduce the pollutant emission of the product process, and reduce global warming.

Performance and Emission Analysis of a Variable Load Operated Gas Turbine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bozza ◽  
Maria Cristina Cameretti ◽  
Antonio Marro ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance And Emissions

Abstract The authors present a methodology for the prediction of performance and emissions of a gas turbine under a wide range of load conditions. The engine, of the aero-derivative type, is employed in a natural gas recompression plant. The paper deals, in its first part, with the reconstruction of the whole operating region of both the gas generator set and the power turbine including its matching with the centrifugal compressor for natural gas delivery in the pipeline. This phase also leads to an effective prediction of pollutant emission, with a chemical kinetics based sub-model. Next, a refined CFD based simulation analyzes a number of operating cases, so providing a detailed insight of the actual phenomena which control the combustion chamber temperature distribution and the activation of the pollutant formation mechanisms.

Characterization of a Low NOx Flameless Combustion Burner Using Natural Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. A. Abuelnuor ◽  
Mazlan A. Wahid ◽  
M. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Flameless Combustion ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Combustion Emission ◽  
Gas Fuel

Flameless combustion is a method that has a great potential in reducing pollutant emission from combustion process. In this work, the operation and emission of a laboratory scale furnace under the flameless combustion regime using natural gas as a fuel was examined. In the experimental setup, the combustor was equipped with parallel jet burner systems with controlled gas fuel and oxidizer. Several ports have been integrated in the combustor to allow for temperature and combustion emission measurement. In the study, a comparison between flameless combustion with and without preheated combustion air has been made. The atmospheric air was heated to near the auto ignition temperature by a coil placed within the furnace assembly. The results show that flameless combustion mode could be obtained with and without preheated combustion air. The results also revealed that the laboratory scale furnace could successfully operate in flameless combustion regime using natural gas as fuel. In terms of emission, it was found that flameless combustion was more effective than the conventional combustion in reducing the rate of NOX emission.

Measurements of NOx Emissions From DLE and Non-DLE Gas Turbine Engines Employed in Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Comparison With PEM Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Botros ◽  
L. Siarkowski ◽  
S. Barss ◽  
R. Manabat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elevation Difference

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes emissions factors for gas turbines in its Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, “Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources, Publication No. AP-42”. This document uses an emissions factor (EF) which is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. For natural gas-fired gas turbines, EPA NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant per unit fuel volume burned or its equivalent heating value (e.g. kg/m3 or kg/GJ). In most cases, these factors are simply averages of available data, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages for all facilities in the source category. Additionally, AP-42 specifies two EFs depending on the engine load being above or below 80% of rated power. In this paper, NOx emissions tests were conducted on four gas turbines. The first two were non dry low emissions (non-DLE) General Electric engines (LM1600), one in Alberta and the other in Ontario, with significant elevation difference. The other two were Rolls-Royce (R-R) engines; one DLE (RB211-24G) while the other is a non-DLE (RB211-24C), both in Alberta at the same elevation. These tests were conducted at different ambient temperatures varying from −7°C to +28°C using Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) emissions samples based on EPA Method 7E standard. Predictive Emission Monitoring (PEM) systems were also developed based on these and previous testing, and predictions are compared to measured data. The difference between NOx emissions from these four engines at different loads (minimum to maximum) and different ambient conditions are presented and compared. A comparison with AP-42 emissions factors is presented and discussed. It was found that the elevation difference between the two LM1600 engines makes a significant difference in NOx emissions. Additionally, the emissions from the DLE engine when it is operating out of the DLE mode (at low loads) emits higher NOx than a non-DLE engine at the same load and ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3688
Author(s):  
Carlo Caligiuri ◽  
Urban Žvar Baškovič ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi ◽  
Tine Seljak ◽  
Samuel Rodman Oprešnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
External Input ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
The Impact

Power generation units based on the bio-syngas system face two main challenges due to (i) the possible temporary shortage of primary sources and (ii) the engine power derating associated with the use of low-energy density fuels in combustion engines. In both cases, an external input fuel is provided. Hence, complementing syngas with traditional fuels, like natural gas, becomes a necessity. In this work, an experimental methodology is proposed, aiming at the quantification of the impact of the use of both natural gas and syngas in spark ignition (SI) engines on performance and emissions. The main research questions focus on investigating brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power derating, and pollutant emission (NOx, CO, THC, CO2) formation, offering quantitative findings that present the basis for engine optimization procedures. Experimental measurements were performed on a Toyota 4Y-E engine (a 4-cylinders, 4-stroke spark ignition engine) at partial load (10 kW) under different syngas energy shares (SES) and at four different spark ignition timings (10°, 25°, 35° and 45° BTDC). Results reveal that the impact of the different fuel mixtures on BTE is negligible if compared to the influence of spark advance variation on BTE. On the other hand, power derating has proven to be a limiting factor and becomes more prominent with increasing SES. An increasing SES also resulted in an increase of CO and CO2 emissions, while NOx and THC emissions decreased with increasing SES.

scholarly journals Effect of hydrogen addition in diesel/natural gas dual-fuel combustion with late injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Antonio Caricato ◽  
Antonio Paolo Carlucci ◽  
Antonio Ficarella ◽  
Luciano Strafella
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Hydrogen Addition

In a previous work, the effectiveness of late pilot injection on improving combustion behaviour – in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and pollutant emission levels – in a diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine was assessed. Then, an additional set of experiments was performed, aiming at speeding up the combustion process possibly without penalizing NOx levels. Therefore, hydrogen was added to natural gas in a percentage equal to 10%. Results show that hydrogen addition has a significant effect on the combustion development specially during the early stage of combustion: ignition delay is shortened and combustion centre is advanced, while the combustion duration increases when pilot injection timing is set to conventional values, while remains basically unchanged for late timings. Fuel conversion efficiency is only slightly penalized when hydrogen is added. Moreover, it was confirmed that, in general, combustion strategy with late pilot injection timing does not penalize fuel conversion efficiency; indeed, in some cases, it actually increases. Concerning regulated emission levels, it is again proven that late pilot injection does not penalize pollutant production: the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide reduce as pilot injection is delayed, probably due to the higher temperatures reached into the cylinder during most part of the expansion stroke. Moreover, adding hydrogen always reduces their levels. Concerning NOx, they are drastically reduced delaying pilot injection; as expected, hydrogen addition promotes NOx formation, but the increase, evident with conventional pilot injection timings, becomes marginal with late injection strategy. Therefore, combustion strategy performance with late pilot injection in dual-fuel diesel/natural gas combustion conditions can be further improved with 10% hydrogen addition to natural gas.

Reduction in pollutant emission and natural gas consumption with heat energy recuperation in production of compound fertilizers

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
V. A. Churov ◽  
◽  
V. A. Sidorchik ◽  
S. N. Kupreichik ◽  
A. V. Shcherbich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Energy Recuperation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

scholarly journals Effect of Non-Coal Heating and Traditional Heating on Indoor Environment of Rural Houses in Tianjin

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansheng Liu ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Runze Duan ◽  
Minghai Liu ◽  
Ruifang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Coal Fire ◽  
Indoor Pollutant ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

In order to understand the effect of the non-coal heating and the traditional coal-fired heating on the indoor environment of the rural houses, the humidity environment and indoor air quality in several households were investigated during the heating period in Beichen District and Wuqing District of Tianjin, China. The results showed that the indoor average temperature for the heating by the electricity and the natural gas was higher than that by the traditional coal fire. The indoor relative humidity for the heating by the electricity and the natural gas was lower than that by the traditional coal fire. The indoor air quality (IAQ) for the heating by the electricity and the natural gas was better than that by the traditional coal fire. For traditional coal-fire heating households, the indoor pollutant emission (CO emission) by using the clean coal was lower than that by using the raw coal. The indoor ventilation rate which was an important parameter for the indoor air quality was generally poor in winter. The total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emission in the indoors of the coal-fired heating households was generally higher than that of the non-coaled heating households.

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