5-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolidin-4-one-Derived Reactive Intermediates of Organocatalysis - A Comforting Resemblance of X-Ray, NMR, and DFT Solid-Phase, Liquid-Phase, and Gas-Phase Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uroš Grošelj ◽  
W. Bernd Schweizer ◽  
Marc-Olivier Ebert ◽  
Dieter Seebach
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Structures ◽  
Phase Liquid

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB)

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 1988-1991
Author(s):  
Hong Li Li ◽  
Yang Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Eulerian Model ◽  
Solid Holdup ◽  
Flow Coupling ◽  
Phase Liquid

Through summary of multiphase flow coupling, considerate the conservation of mass and momentum conservation, used the gas phase as a continuous phase, liquid phase and solid phase as dispersed phase, CFB has been simulated with the help of Eulerian model. It show that the local gas holdup increases from the computational domain inlet to the outlet, the local solid holdup decreases from the computational domain inlet to the outlet, and the local liquid holdup decreases from the computational domain inlet to the outlet.

Microstructure and Properties of In Situ Fabricated Al-5wt.%Si-Al2O3 Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Cheng ◽  
De Gui Zhu ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray

Alumina reinforced aluminum matrix composites (Al-5wt.%Si-Al2O3) fabricated by powder metallurgy through hot isotactic pressing were sintered in different processes, i.e. solid and liquid phase sintering. Optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were used to characterize the sintered composites. The effects of solid phase and liquid phase sintering on density, microstructure, microhardness, compression and shear strength were investigated. It was found that in situ chemical reaction was completed in solid phase sintering, but the composites had lower microhardness, comprehension and shear strength due to low density and segregation of alumina and Si particles in microstructure. Segregation of reinforcement particles in solid phase sintering resulted from character of solid reaction and Si diffusion at high temperature over a long hold time.

scholarly journals Axial dispersion of the liquid phase on a three-phase Karr reciprocating plate column

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubisa Nikolic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic ◽  
Miodrag Lazic ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Similar Equation ◽  
Plate Column

The influence of the gas flow rate and vibration intensity in the presence of the solid phase (polypropylene spheres) on axial mixing of the liquid phase in a three phase (gas-liquid-solid) Karr reciprocating plate column (RPC) was investigated. Assuming that the dispersionmodel of liquid flow could be used for the real situation inside the column, the dispersion coefficient of the liquid phase was determined as a function of different operating parameters. For a two-phase liquid-solid RPC the following correlation was derived: DL = 1.26(Af)1.42 UL 0.51 ?S 0.23 and a similar equation could be applied with ? 30 % confidence for the calculation of axial dispersion in the case of a three-phase RPC: DL = 1.39(Af)0.47 UL0.42UG0.03 ?S -0.26.

1,3-Di-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetrahalocyclodisilazanes - Synthesis, X-ray Crystal and Gas-Phase Structures

1997 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Brönneke ◽  
Regine Herbst-Irmer ◽  
Uwe Klingebiel ◽  
Peter Neugebauer ◽  
Martina Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Phase Structures

Highly selective ethylbenzene production through alkylation of dilute ethylene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene and transalkylation feed

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglin Liu ◽  
Fucun Chen ◽  
Sujuan Xie ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Xiyan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Phase Liquid

Application of High Temperature Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction on Determination of Ternary System

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Qiu Guo Xiao ◽  
Gang Cheng Ding ◽  
Tang Zhong Long ◽  
Shao Hua Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Section ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Phase Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Phase

This paper has put forward a high-temperature quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis method for the determination of an isothermal section of a ternary system in comparison with a conventional method. In a three-phase region of the isothermal section at 1150 °C of Cu2O(CuO)-Al2O3-SiO2 pseudo-ternary system, the compositions of the solid phase points of three system points are determined according to the quantitative analysis of the crystalline phases in the samples carried out by Rietveld method. Then the liquid phase point of the three-phase region is determined according to the crosspoints of the tie lines of every pair of system point and solid phase point. The precisions of the analytical results have reached to be 0.1 ~ 5.0 %. By comparison, a good result is obtained for the determination of the liquid phase point of the three-phase region in the isothermal section at 1150 °C when the analytical results of high-temperature RQA analysis are used in determination of the isothermal section of the pseudo-ternary system.

Solid phase equilibria in the Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai C. Thomas ◽  
R. Stanley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Compound Semiconductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group V ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pseudobinary Systems

The Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries were surveyed using x-ray powder diffraction to determine which metallic phases exist at equilibrium with the III-V compound semiconductors. In closed, small-volume systems (i.e., formation of gas-phase products was prevented), Au does not react with GaAs but does react with the other III-V's investigated to produce Au-group III intermetallic compounds and another solid phase containing the group V element. However, each semiconductor formed pseudobinary systems with at least two different intermetallic compounds. The bulk phase diagrams determined in this study provide frameworks within which much of the experimental data in the literature concerning the products of reactions at Au/III-V interfaces can be understood.

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