scholarly journals APOE moderates the effect of hippocampal blood flow on memory pattern separation in clinically normal older adults

Hippocampus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Memel ◽  
Adam M. Staffaroni ◽  
Yann Cobigo ◽  
Kaitlin B. Casaletto ◽  
Corrina Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Memory Pattern

scholarly journals Neural Circuitry–Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Il Bin Kim ◽  
Seon-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Memory Pattern

Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry–neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.

Association of remote mild traumatic brain injury with cortical amyloid burden in clinically normal older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breton M. Asken ◽  
William G. Mantyh ◽  
Renaud La Joie ◽  
Amelia Strom ◽  
Kaitlin B. Casaletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Clinically Normal

scholarly journals Spatial pattern separation in cognitively normal young and older adults

Hippocampus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Calhuei Hoebel ◽  
Kelly Loftis ◽  
Paul E. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

scholarly journals Sex differences in cognitive trajectories in clinically normal older adults.

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. McCarrey ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Melissa H. Kitner-Triolo ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Susan M. Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinically Normal

scholarly journals Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Related to Lower Cerebral Blood Flow and Preserved Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Older Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (18) ◽  
pp. 1951-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Jefferson ◽  
Francis E. Cambronero ◽  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Elizabeth E. Moore ◽  
Jacquelyn E. Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity

scholarly journals Immune-inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Vatnikov ◽  
A. Rudenko ◽  
P. Rudenko ◽  
Ev Kulikov ◽  
A. Karamyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Neurohumoral System

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is common in dogs. This form of cardiomyopathy is the main cause of death due to heart disease in dogs. Death can occur suddenly in clinically normal animals as a result of the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). The pathogenesis of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy involves activation of the neurohumoral system and immune-mediated inflammation, which leads to further progression of the condition. Heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis, remodeling of the left ventricle, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, reduced cerebral blood flow, the involvement of other key internal organs, and intestinal dysbiosis. Aim: This study aimed to determine the immunological and inflammatory mechanisms surrounding the development of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were dogs with a dilated form of cardiomyopathy (n=159), complicated by various functional classes of heart failure syndrome. Evaluation of myocardial remodeling, systolic function, and systemic hemodynamics was performed using EMP-860 Vet and PU-2200V ultrasound scanners according to the standard technique. Electrocardiography was performed with all dogs in right lateral recumbency using the EK1T-04 Midas electrocardiograph (50 mm/s speed and 1 mV gain = 1 cm). Results: In some affected animals, especially in cases of compensated dilated cardiomyopathy, leukocytosis was noted. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by heart failure syndrome of various functional classes, the number of neutrophils was significantly increased, and the number of lymphocytes was decreased by 1.9-2.1 times when compared with those in clinically normal animals. In dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, neutrophilic leukocytosis develops with a simple regenerative shift to the left. The results of immunological studies indicate that dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy develop T lymphocytopenia as compared with clinically normal animals. Conclusion: The central component of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is the activation of the neurohumoral system and immune-mediated inflammation. The development of CHF in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis, remodeling of the left ventricle, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, reduced cerebral blood flow, involvement of other key internal organs, and intestinal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Internal carotid artery blood flow response to cognitive task is similar between young and older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ryota Asahara ◽  
Kei Ishii ◽  
Tsubasa Izaki ◽  
Sunao Iwaki ◽  
Hidehiko Komine
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response

scholarly journals The Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3) in A4, an Alzheimer’s Disease Secondary Prevention Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
K.V. Papp ◽  
D.M. Rentz ◽  
P. Maruff ◽  
C.-K. Sun ◽  
R. Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Secondary Prevention Trial ◽  
Trial Efficiency

Background: Computerized cognitive assessments may improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD) secondary prevention trial efficiency and accuracy. However, they require validation against standard outcomes and relevant biomarkers. Objective: To assess the feasibility and validity of the tablet-based Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3). Design: Cross-sectional analysis of cognitive screening data from the A4 study (Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic AD). Setting: Multi-center international study. Participants: Clinically normal (CN) older adults (65-85; n=4486). Measurements: Participants underwent florbetapir-Positron Emission Tomography for Aβ+/- classification. They completed the C3 and standard paper and pencil measures included in the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (PACC). The C3 combines memory measures sensitive to change over time (Cogstate Brief Battery-One Card Learning) and measures shown to be declining early in AD including pattern separation (Behavioral Pattern Separation Test- Object- Lure Discrimination Index) and associative memory (Face Name Associative Memory Exam- Face-Name Matching). C3 acceptability and completion rates were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. C3 performance was explored in relation to Aβ+/- groups (n=1323/3163) and PACC. Results: C3 was feasible for CN older adults to complete. Rates of incomplete or invalid administrations were extremely low, even in the bottom quartile of cognitive performers (PACC). C3 was moderately correlated with PACC (r=0.39). Aβ+ performed worse on C3 compared with Aβ- [unadjusted Cohen’s d=-0.22 (95%CI: -0.31,-0.13) p<0.001] and at a magnitude comparable to the PACC [d=-0.32 (95%CI: -0.41,-0.23) p<0.001]. Better C3 performance was observed in younger, more educated, and female participants. Conclusions: These findings provide support for both the feasibility and validity of C3 and computerized cognitive outcomes more generally in AD secondary prevention trials.

scholarly journals Increased Hippocampal Blood Flow in Sedentary Older Adults at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvinka Z. Zlatar ◽  
Christina E. Wierenga ◽  
Katherine J. Bangen ◽  
Thomas T. Liu ◽  
Amy J. Jak
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Genetic Risk

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Older Adults: The Cache County Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haroon Burhanullah ◽  
JoAnn T. Tschanz ◽  
Matthew E. Peters ◽  
Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos ◽  
Joshua Matyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Cache County
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