scholarly journals Evidence for age‐related deficits in object‐location binding during place recognition

Hippocampus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Muffato ◽  
Christopher Hilton ◽  
Chiara Meneghetti ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Jan M. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Object Location ◽  
Place Recognition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Location Binding

scholarly journals Conceptual distinctiveness does not improve visual working memory for objects but aids object-location binding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Markov ◽  
Igor Utochkin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Categorical Information ◽  
Location Binding ◽  
Different Sources

Visual working memory (VWM) is prone to interference from stored items competing for its limited capacity. These competitive interactions can arise from different sources. For example, one such source is poor item distinctiveness causing a failure to discriminate between items sharing common features. Another source of interference is imperfect binding, a problem of determining which of the remembered features belonged to which object or which item was in which location. In two experiments, we studied how the conceptual distinctiveness of real-world objects (i.e., whether the objects belong to the same or different basic categories) affects VWM for objects and object-location binding. In Experiment 1, we found that distinctiveness did not affect memory for object identities or for locations, but low-distinctive objects were more frequently reported at “swapped” locations that originally went with different objects. In Experiment 2 we found evidence that the effect of distinctiveness on the object-location swaps was due to the use of categorical information for binding. In particular, we found that observers swapped the location of a tested object with another object from the same category more frequently than with any of the objects from another category. This suggests that observers can use some coarse category-location information when objects are conceptually distinct. Taken together, our findings suggest that object distinction and object-location binding act upon different components of VWM.

scholarly journals Biases in object location estimation: the role of camera rotations and translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Segen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Age Related

The current study investigated a systematic bias in spatial memory in which people, following a perspective shift from encoding to recall, indicated the location of an object further to the direction of the shit. In Experiment 1, we documented this bias by asking participants to encode the position of an object in a virtual room and then indicate it from memory following a perspective shift induced by camera translation and rotation. In Experiment 2, we decoupled the influence of camera translations and camera rotations and examined also whether adding more information in the scene would reduce the bias. We also investigated the presence of age-related differences in the precision of object location estimates and the tendency to display the bias related to perspective shift. Overall, our results showed that camera translations led to greater systematic bias than camera rotations. Furthermore, the use of additional spatial information improved the precision with which object locations were estimated and reduced the bias associated with camera translation. Finally, we found that although older adults were as precise as younger participants when estimating object locations, they benefited less from additional spatial information and their responses were more biased in the direction of camera translations. We propose that accurate representation of camera translations requires more demanding mental computations than camera rotations, leading to greater uncertainty about the position of an object in memory. This uncertainty causes people to rely on an egocentric anchor thereby giving rise to the systematic bias in the direction of camera translation.

scholarly journals Forgetting What Was Where: The Fragility of Object-Location Binding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e48214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoni Pertzov ◽  
Mia Yuan Dong ◽  
Muy-Cheng Peich ◽  
Masud Husain
Keyword(s):  
Object Location ◽  
Location Binding

scholarly journals Object-location binding: Does spatial location influence high-level judgments of face images?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Paradiso ◽  
Anna Shafer-Skelton ◽  
Aleix Martinez ◽  
Julie Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Location ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Location Binding ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Evidence for Object-Place binding in pigeons in a sequence-learning procedure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Regular Sequence ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
Location Binding

We studied object-location binding in pigeons using a sequence learning procedure. A sequence of four objects was presented, one at a time at one of four locations on a touchscreen. A single peck at the object ended the trial, and food reinforcement was delivered intermittently. In Experiment 1, a between-subjects design was used to present objects, locations, or both in a regular sequence or randomly. Response time costs on nonreinforced probe tests on which object order, location order, or both were disrupted revealed sequence learning effects. Pigeons encoded location order when it was consistent, but not object order when it alone was consistent. When both were consistent, pigeons encoded both, and also showed evidence of object-location binding. In Experiment 2, two groups of pigeons received training on sequences where the same object always appeared at the same location. For some pigeons a consistent sequence was used while for others sequence order was randomized. Only when sequence order was consistent was object-location binding found. These experiments are the first demonstrations of strong and lasting feature binding in pigeons.

scholarly journals Memory precision of object-location binding is unimpaired in APOE ε4-carriers with spatial navigation deficits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M. Gellersen ◽  
Gillian Coughlan ◽  
Michael Hornberger ◽  
Jon S. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Location Binding ◽  
Sensitive Marker

AbstractResearch suggests that tests of memory fidelity, feature binding and spatial navigation are promising for early detection of subtle behavioural changes related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the absence of longitudinal data, one way of testing the early detection potential of cognitive tasks is through the comparison of individuals at different genetic risk for AD. Most studies have done so using samples aged 70 years or older. Here, we tested whether memory fidelity of long-term object-location binding may be a sensitive marker even among cognitively healthy individuals in their mid-60s by comparing participants at low and higher risk based on presence of the ε4-allele of the apolipoprotein gene (n=26 ε3ε3 and n=20 ε3ε4 carriers). We used a continuous report paradigm in a visual memory task that required participants to recreate the spatial position of objects in a scene. We employed mixture modelling to estimate the two distinct memory processes that underpin the trial-by-trial variation in localisation errors: retrieval success which indexes the proportion of trials where participants recalled any information about an object’s position and the precision with which participants retrieved this information. Prior work has shown that these memory paradigms that separate retrieval success from precision are capable of detecting subtle differences in mnemonic fidelity even when retrieval success could not. Nonetheless, a Bayesian analysis found good evidence that ε3ε4 carriers did not remember fewer object locations (F(1, 42)=.450, p=.506, BF01=3.02), nor was their precision for the spatial position of objects reduced compared to ε3ε3 carriers (F(1, 42)=.12, p=.726, BF01=3.19). Importantly, ε3ε4-carriers from the same sample have previously been reported to exhibit wayfinding deficits in a spatial navigation task (Coughlan et al. 2019, PNAS, 116(19)). The sensitivity of memory fidelity tasks may therefore not extend to individuals with one ε4-allele in their early to mid-60s. These results provide further support to prior proposals that spatial navigation may be a sensitive marker for the earliest AD-dependent cognitive changes, even before episodic memory. More research in preclinical AD is needed to confirm this hypothesis by direct comparison of memory fidelity and spatial navigation tasks.

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