Aging affects spatial reconstruction more than spatial pattern separation performance even after extended practice

Hippocampus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Clark ◽  
Asli C. Tahan ◽  
Patrick D. Watson ◽  
Joan Severson ◽  
Neal J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern Separation Testing Differentiates Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker-Positive and Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Laczó ◽  
Ondrej Lerch ◽  
Lukas Martinkovic ◽  
Jana Kalinova ◽  
Hana Markova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

Background: The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), and basal forebrain (BF) are among the earliest regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. They play an essential role in spatial pattern separation, a process critical for accurate discrimination between similar locations.Objective: We examined differences in spatial pattern separation performance between older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) with AD versus those with non-Alzheimer’s pathologic change (non-AD) and interrelations between volumes of the hippocampal, EC subregions and BF nuclei projecting to these subregions (medial septal nuclei and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca – Ch1-2 nuclei) with respect to performance.Methods: Hundred and eighteen older adults were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study. Participants with AD aMCI (n = 37), non-AD aMCI (n = 26), mild AD dementia (n = 26), and cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 29) underwent spatial pattern separation testing, cognitive assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging.Results: The AD aMCI group had less accurate spatial pattern separation performance than the non-AD aMCI (p = 0.039) and CN (p < 0.001) groups. The AD aMCI and non-AD groups did not differ in other cognitive tests. Decreased BF Ch1-2 volume was indirectly associated with worse performance through reduced hippocampal tail volume and reduced posteromedial EC and hippocampal tail or body volumes operating in serial.Conclusion: The study demonstrates that spatial pattern separation testing differentiates AD biomarker positive and negative older adults with aMCI and provides evidence that BF Ch1-2 nuclei influence spatial pattern separation through the posteromedial EC and the posterior hippocampus.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern separation in cognitively normal young and older adults

Hippocampus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Calhuei Hoebel ◽  
Kelly Loftis ◽  
Paul E. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

[P1-471]: EFFECT OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE ON SPATIAL PATTERN SEPARATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_9) ◽  
pp. P469-P470
Author(s):  
Jan Laczó ◽  
Martina Parizkova ◽  
Hana Markova ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Martin Vyhnalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

scholarly journals Running enhances spatial pattern separation in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 2367-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Creer ◽  
Carola Romberg ◽  
Lisa M. Saksida ◽  
Henriette van Praag ◽  
Timothy J. Bussey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation ◽  
Cell Genesis ◽  
Old Mice

Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise improves brain health and promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis. Exercise improves learning, but specific mechanisms of information processing influenced by physical activity are unknown. Here, we report that voluntary running enhanced the ability of adult (3 months old) male C57BL/6 mice to discriminate between the locations of two adjacent identical stimuli. Improved spatial pattern separation in adult runners was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis. In contrast, very aged (22 months old) mice had impaired spatial discrimination and low basal cell genesis that was refractory to running. These findings suggest that the addition of newly born neurons may bolster dentate gyrus-mediated encoding of fine spatial distinctions.

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