scholarly journals Nonuniform allocation of hippocampal neurons to place fields across all hippocampal subfields

Hippocampus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K.L. Witharana ◽  
J. Cardiff ◽  
M.K. Chawla ◽  
J.Y. Xie ◽  
C.B. Alme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Place Fields

Task-Dependent Representations in Rat Hippocampal Place Neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hisao Nishijo ◽  
Masaji Fukuda ◽  
Jan Bures ◽  
Taketoshi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Place Field ◽  
Complex Spike ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Sequential Trials ◽  
Self Stimulation

Kobayashi, Tsuneyuki, Hisao Nishijo, Masaji Fukuda, Jan Bures, and Taketoshi Ono. Task-dependent representations in rat hippocampal place neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 597–613, 1997. It is suggested that the hippocampal formation is essential to spatial representations by flexible encoding of diverse information during navigation, which includes not only externally generated sensory information such as visual and auditory sensation but also ideothetic information concerning locomotion (i.e., internally generated information such as proprioceptive and vestibular sensation) as well as information concerning reward. In the present study, we investigated how various types of information are represented in the hippocampal formation, by recording hippocampal complex-spike cells from rats that performed three types of place learning tasks in a circular open field with the use of intracranial self-stimulation as reward. The intracranial self-stimulation reward was delivered in the following three contexts: if the rat 1) entered an experimenter-determined reward place within the open field, and this place was randomly varied in sequential trials; 2) entered two specific places, one within and one outside the place field (an area identified by change in activity of a place neuron); or 3) entered an experimenter-specified place outside the place field. Because the behavioral trails during navigation were more constant in the second task than in the first task, ideothetic information concerning locomotion was more relevant to acquiring reward in the second task than in the first task. Of 43 complex-spike cells recorded, 37 displayed place fields under the first task. Of these 37 place neurons, 34 also had significant reward correlates only inside the place field. Although reward and place correlates of the place neuron activity did not change between the first and second tasks, neuronal correlates to behavioral variables for locomotion such as movement speed, direction, and turning angle significantly increased in the second task. Furthermore, 6 of 31 place neurons tested with the third task, in which the reward place was located outside the original place field, shifted place fields. The results indicated that neuronal correlates of most place neurons flexibly increased their sensitivity to relevant information in a given context and environment, and some place neurons changed the place field per se with place reward association. These results suggest two strategies for how hippocampal neurons incorporate an incredible variety of perceptions into a unified representation of the environment: through flexible use of information and the creation of new representations.

Hippocampal Place-Cell Firing During Movement in Three-Dimensional Space

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Knierim ◽  
Bruce L. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Place Cell ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Head Direction ◽  
Head Direction Cells ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Place Fields

“Place” cells of the rat hippocampus are coupled to “head direction” cells of the thalamus and limbic cortex. Head direction cells are sensitive to head direction in the horizontal plane only, which leads to the question of whether place cells similarly encode locations in the horizontal plane only, ignoring the z axis, or whether they encode locations in three dimensions. This question was addressed by recording from ensembles of CA1 pyramidal cells while rats traversed a rectangular track that could be tilted and rotated to different three-dimensional orientations. Cells were analyzed to determine whether their firing was bound to the external, three-dimensional cues of the environment, to the two-dimensional rectangular surface, or to some combination of these cues. Tilting the track 45° generally provoked a partial remapping of the rectangular surface in that some cells maintained their place fields, whereas other cells either gained new place fields, lost existing fields, or changed their firing locations arbitrarily. When the tilted track was rotated relative to the distal landmarks, most place fields remapped, but a number of cells maintained the same place field relative to the x-y coordinate frame of the laboratory, ignoring the z axis. No more cells were bound to the local reference frame of the recording apparatus than would be predicted by chance. The partial remapping demonstrated that the place cell system was sensitive to the three-dimensional manipulations of the recording apparatus. Nonetheless the results were not consistent with an explicit three-dimensional tuning of individual hippocampal neurons nor were they consistent with a model in which different sets of cells are tightly coupled to different sets of environmental cues. The results are most consistent with the statement that hippocampal neurons can change their “tuning functions” in arbitrary ways when features of the sensory input or behavioral context are altered. Understanding the rules that govern the remapping phenomenon holds promise for deciphering the neural circuitry underlying hippocampal function.

scholarly journals Latent learning drives sleep-dependent plasticity in distinct CA1 subpopulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jie J. Zhang ◽  
Jonathan P. Newman ◽  
Matthew A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Latent Learning ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Low Dimensional Manifold ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLatent learning allows the brain the transform experiences into cognitive maps, a form of implicit memory, without reinforced training. Its mechanism is unclear. We tracked the internal states of the hippocampal neural ensembles and discovered that during latent learning of a spatial map, the state space evolved into a low-dimensional manifold that topologically resembled the physical environment. This process requires repeated experiences and sleep in-between. Further investigations revealed that a subset of hippocampal neurons, instead of rapidly forming place fields in a novel environment, remained weakly tuned but gradually developed correlated activity with other neurons. These ‘weakly spatial’ neurons bond activity of neurons with stronger spatial tuning, linking discrete place fields into a map that supports flexible navigation.

scholarly journals Preexisting hippocampal network dynamics constrain optogenetically induced place fields

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam McKenzie ◽  
Roman Huszár ◽  
Daniel F. English ◽  
Kanghwan Kim ◽  
Euisik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Interneuron ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Place Field ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
New Information ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Hippocampal Network ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
Existing Structure

SummaryNeuronal circuits face a fundamental tension between maintaining existing structure and changing to accommodate new information. Memory models often emphasize the need to encode novel patterns of neural activity imposed by “bottom-up” sensory drive. In such models, learning is achieved through synaptic alterations, a process which potentially interferes with previously stored knowledge 1-3. Alternatively, neuronal circuits generate and maintain a preconfigured stable dynamic, sometimes referred to as an attractor, manifold, or schema 4-7, with a large reservoir of patterns available for matching with novel experiences 8-13. Here, we show that incorporation of arbitrary signals is constrained by pre-existing circuit dynamics. We optogenetically stimulated small groups of hippocampal neurons as mice traversed a chosen segment of a linear track, mimicking the emergence of place fields 1,14,15, while simultaneously recording the activity of stimulated and non-stimulated neighboring cells. Stimulation of principal neurons in CA1, but less so CA3 or the dentate gyrus, induced persistent place field remapping. Novel place fields emerged in both stimulated and non-stimulated neurons, which could be predicted from sporadic firing in the new place field location and the temporal relationship to peer neurons prior to the optogenetic perturbation. Circuit modification was reflected by altered spike transmission between connected pyramidal cell – inhibitory interneuron pairs, which persisted during post-experience sleep. We hypothesize that optogenetic perturbation unmasked sub-threshold, pre-existing place fields16,17. Plasticity in recurrent/lateral inhibition may drive learning through rapid exploration of existing states.

scholarly journals Hippocampal neurons construct a map of an abstract value space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Knudsen ◽  
JD Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Reward Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Cognitive Information

AbstractThe hippocampus is thought to encode a ‘cognitive map’, a structural organization of knowledge about relationships in the world. Place cells, spatially selective hippocampal neurons that have been extensively studied in rodents, are one component of this map, describing the relative position of environmental features. However, whether this map extends to abstract, cognitive information remains unknown. Using the relative reward value of cues to define continuous ‘paths’ through an abstract value space, we show that single neurons in primate hippocampus encode this space through value place fields, much like a rodent’s place neurons encode paths through physical space. Value place fields remapped when cues changed, but also became increasingly correlated across contexts, allowing maps to become generalized. Our findings help explain the critical contribution of the hippocampus to value-based decision-making, providing a mechanism by which knowledge of relationships in the world can be incorporated into reward predictions for guiding decisions.

Hippocampal place fields: Relationship between degree of field overlap and cross-correlations within ensembles of hippocampal neurons

Hippocampus ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hampson ◽  
Douglas R. Byrd ◽  
Joanne K. Konstantopoulos ◽  
Terence Bunn ◽  
Sam A. Deadwyler
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Cross Correlations

Geometric determinants of the place fields of hippocampal neurons

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 381 (6581) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Keefe ◽  
Neil Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Place Fields

scholarly journals Influence of Path Integration Versus Environmental Orientation on Place Cell Remapping Between Visually Identical Environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2603-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Fuhs ◽  
Shea R. VanRhoads ◽  
Amanda E. Casale ◽  
Bruce McNaughton ◽  
David S. Touretzky
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Opposite Orientation ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Orientation Condition ◽  
Ca1 Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Cumulative Experience ◽  
Do So

To assess the effects of interactions between angular path integration and visual landmarks on the firing of hippocampal neurons, we recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells as rats foraged in two identical boxes with polarizing internal cues. In the same-orientation condition, following an earlier experiment by Skaggs and McNaughton, the boxes were oriented identically and connected by a corridor. In the opposite-orientation condition, the boxes were abutted by rotating them 90° in opposite directions, so that their orientations differed by 180°. After 16–23 days of pretraining on the same-orientation condition, three rats experienced both conditions in counterbalanced order on each of two consecutive days. On the third day they ran two opposite-orientation trials. Although Skaggs and McNaughton observed stable partial “remapping” of place fields, none of the fields in this experiment remapped in the same-orientation condition. In the opposite-orientation condition, place fields in the first box were isomorphic with those in the same-orientation condition, whereas in the second box the rats eventually exhibited completely different fields. The rats differed as to the trial in which this first occurred. Once the second box exhibited different fields, it continued to do so in all subsequent opposite-orientation trials, yet fields remained the same in subsequent same-orientation trials. The results demonstrate that when animals move actively between environments, and are thus potentially able to maintain their inertial angular orientation, discordance between environmental orientation and the rat's idiothetic direction sense can profoundly affect the hippocampal map—either immediately, or as a result of cumulative experience.

scholarly journals Silencing of hippocampal synaptic transmission impairs spatial reward search on a head-fixed tactile treadmill task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake T. Jordan ◽  
J. Tiago Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Designer Drugs ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Local Cues

AbstractHead-fixed linear treadmill tasks have been used to study hippocampal physiology in mice. Although some hippocampal neurons establish place fields along linear treadmills, it is not clear if the hippocampus is required for spatial memory on this task. Using a Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) approach, we found that silencing hippocampal output on rewarded treadmill tasks impaired search for rewards signaled by spatial cues but did not impair search for rewards signaled by local cues, recapitulating findings from other behavior tasks. These findings serve to contextualize data on hippocampal physiology from mice performing this task.

ATRA-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration in primary hippocampal neurons

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S74-S74
Author(s):  
Tingyu Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Jian Hea ◽  
Yang Bi Youxue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neurons
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